Week 10 New Flashcards
- Appendicitis
Definition: Appendicitis is the inflammation of the appendix, a small organ attached to the intestines.
Causes: becomes inflamed or infected. Infections and blockages can also cause appendicitis.
- Cholecystitis
Definition: Cholecystitis is the inflammation of the gallbladder. It occurs when a digestive juice called bile gets trapped in the gallbladder.
- Chronic renal failure
Definition: Chronic renal failure is a slow, chronic, progressive, and irreversible loss of kidney function.
Causes: Chronic renal failure is often caused by hypertension or diabetes.
- Diabetes type 1
Definition: Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease that prevents the pancreas from making insulin. It is characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells, leading to insulin deficiency.
- Diabetes type 2
Definition: Type 2 diabetes is a long-term medical condition in which your body doesn’t use insulin properly, resulting in unusual blood sugar levels.
Causes: Usually, a combination of things causes type 2 diabetes, including genes, weight, metabolic syndrome, too much glucose from your liver, bad communication between cells, broken beta cells.
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
Definition: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is characterized by hyperglycemia, acidosis, and ketonemia.
Causes: Common causes of DKA are insulin non-adherence, starvation, infection, acute stress, pancreatitis, or medications.
- Esophageal varices
Definition: Esophageal varices are enlarged veins in the esophagus, often due to blocked blood flow through the portal vein.
Causes: Esophageal varices most often occur because of problems with blood flow in the liver caused by chronic liver disease. Causes include severe liver scarring (cirrhosis), blood clot, and parasitic infection.
- Gastroenteritis
Definition: Gastroenteritis is a common condition that causes inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
Causes: Gastroenteritis, or “stomach flu,” may be caused by a virus (such as norovirus) or bacteria (such as E. coli or salmonella) found in contaminated, undercooked food.
- Gestational diabetes
Definition: Gestational diabetes is diabetes that develops during pregnancy in women who did not have diabetes before pregnancy.
Causes: Gestational diabetes happens when the body doesn’t produce enough insulin during pregnancy.
- Hemoglobin
Definition: Hemoglobin is the iron-containing substance in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.
Causes: The hemoglobin test is conducted to measure the concentration or level of hemoglobin in the blood.
- Hemophilia
Definition: Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder that develops when blood does not clot properly.
Causes: Hemophilia A and B are rare, congenital, lifelong, bleeding disorders in which the ability of a person’s blood to clot is impaired, leading to excessive bleeds and spontaneous bleeds into joints that can result in joint damage and chronic pain, and significantly impact quality of life.
- Hollow organs
including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anal canal
- Hyperglycemia
Definition: Hyperglycemia (excessively high blood glucose levels) results if a person eats too much food, takes too little medication, exercises less than usual or has an infection.
Causes: In patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM), the therapeutic focus is on preventing complications caused by hyperglycemia.
- Hypoglycemia
Definition: Hypoglycemia (excessive low blood glucose levels) results if a person misses a meal or snack, eats too little food, exercises more than usual, vomits or takes too much medication.
Causes: The usual causes of life-threatening hypoglycemia in the diabetic patient include an imbalance between their hypoglycemic medication (insulin or oral hypoglycemics) and their glucose intake.
- Ileus
Definition: Ileus refers to the intolerance of oral intake due to inhibition of the gastrointestinal propulsion without signs of mechanical obstruction.
Causes: Hirschsprung disease and meconium ileus can both cause a newborn to be unable to pass their first stool.
- Infectious and non infectious gastroenteritis
Infectious gastroenteritis is caused by germs like viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites and Non-infectious gastroenteritis comes from things other than infections
- Kidneys and their functions
filter waste and toxins from the blood . They also regulate fluid balance, blood pressure, and produce hormones to keep the body healthy
- Kuzma respirations
Kussmaul breathing is a deep and labored breathing pattern often associated with severe metabolic acidosis, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) but also kidney failure.
Normal Blood Glucose Range
Definition: Normal blood sugar levels generally range from 70 to 99 mg/dL when fasting and less than 140 mg/dL two hours after eating. A normal blood glucose level for a person without diabetes can range from 70 to 99 mg/dL.
Causes: A blood glucose level from 100 to 125 mg/dL may be an indicator of prediabetes, meaning a person has an increased risk of developing diabetes, per the CDC.
- Oral glucose
Definition: Oral glucose is a medication to reverse hypoglycemia in the conscious patient.
- Pancreatitis
Definition: AP is a mild to severe, potentially life-threatening condition caused by inflammation of the pancreas.
Causes: Most common causes are excessive alcohol consumption and gallstone disease.
- Parietal peritoneum
The parietal peritoneum is a thin, serous membrane that lines the inner surface of the abdominal and pelvic cavities.
- Peptic ulcer disease
involves open sores or ulcers in the lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine
- Peritonitis
Definition: Peritonitis is a serious condition that results from a generalized or localized inflammatory process in the peritoneum (membrane lining the abdominal cavity).
Causes: Fecal contamination of the peritoneum from rupture of the appendix.
