Week 6 lipids

Question 1

how many calories per gram of fat

Answer 1

9 cal/gram

Question 2

how do you name a fatty acid

Answer 2

-count the number of carbons and get the C number
-counting from the head side find the first double bond and name it Omega with the number of the carbon where that bond is
-if it has no double bond its saturated if it had one it is one double bond it is monounsaturated and more than one double bond it is polyunsaturated

Question 3

why are the omega 3 and 6 fatty acids essential

Answer 3

because the body can’t make the double bonds at the 3rd and 6th carbon

Question 4

what are DHA and ALA

Answer 4

they are both omega 3 fatty acids

Question 5

which is better DHA or ALA and why

Answer 5

DHA is better because ALA has to be converted to DHA before it is useful to the body and the body isn’t very good at this

Question 6

what are the three best oils for getting omega 3

Answer 6

Flax, canola, walnut

Question 7

why are trans fats worse for you than cis fats

Answer 7

because when they go through the chemical process of removing hydrogen it removes it from each side of the molecule which gives it a straight configuration which allows it to stick to the artery walls better

Question 8

why are tropical oils not great for you

Answer 8

because they are a naturally occurring plant saturated fat so they will raise LDL levels

Question 9

what is the worst type of fat for you

Answer 9

Trans fat (the straight configuration fat)

Question 10

What is an eicosanoid

Answer 10

derived from C20 unsaturated fatty acids and plays a role in the immune system

Question 11

What are sterols

Answer 11

type of fat that is only found in animal products ie cholesterol

Question 12

what does a lipoprotein do

Answer 12

transports fat in the blood and then when it reaches fat cells the lipoprotein is broken down and the triglyceride is stored in adipose tissue

Question 13

is cholesterol an essential fat

Answer 13

no it is produced by the liver so we do not need it in the diet

Question 14

what type of lipoprotein are long chain fatty acids packaged in

Answer 14

a chylomicron

Question 15

what is a chylomicron made up of

Answer 15

-Cholesterol (lipid that it is transporting)
-triglyceride (lipid that it is transporting)
-protein (helps give structure)
-phospholipid (Form the outer layer give it structure)

Question 16

how does fat make its way into the circulatory system

Answer 16

-absorbed from the digestive tract into the lacteals of the intestinal villa
-travels to left subclavian vein and into circulatory system

Question 17

Explain the recycling process of chylomicrons and how this affects LDL levels

Answer 17

-after chylomicrons transport fat they travel back to the liver to be recycled and broken down into its components ie cholesterol ie LDL’s
-some are taken up by receptors but some LDL is left to circulate in the blood
-when they circulate in the blood they can oxidize and build up plaque in the arteries

Question 18

what type of fat causes the biggest increase in LDL levels

Answer 18

long chain fatty acids ie saturated animal fats

Question 19

what is the AMDR for lipids

Answer 19

20-35% of your total daily calories should come from fat

Question 20

how much of your total daily calories should come from saturated fat

Answer 20

less then 10%

Question 21

what does CLA stand what is it and what foods have a high concentration

Answer 21

Conjugated Linoleic Acid
it is a fat that could prevent cancer and heart health
is found in animal products like diary and meats

Question 22

what is the portfolio diet

Answer 22

a diet that is designed to reduce cholesterol levels healthy fats especially fats the come from plant based options

Question 23

how many tablespoons of fat should the average adult get per day

Answer 23

2-3 tablespoons

Question 24

what is the ratio of omega3:omega6

Answer 24

it is a range so should be 1:5 omega3:omega6 to 1:10 omega3:omega6

Question 25

how many servings of fatty cold water fish should you get per week

Answer 25

2 servings of fatty cold water fish/week

Question 26

is 1-2 eggs per day okay for people with high cholesterol

Answer 26

yes

Question 27

what is the recommendation for cholesterol per day

Answer 27

less than 200 mg per day

Question 28

what is the total cholesterol to HDL ratio supposed to be in your diet

Answer 28

there is supposed to be a 4:1 ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol in the diet (so for every 4 units of cholesterol you intake 1 of those should be HDL cholesterol)