Protein Unit

Question 1

what are the 6 main functions of protein

Answer 1

-Structure
-Regulatory
-Contractile
-immunological
-Transport
-energy
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Question 2

what are the 4 levels of protein structure and describe them

Answer 2

-Primary: The sequence of amino acids in a protein
-Secondary structure: The way the amino acid fold upon itself to make the coiled structure
-Tertiary structure: How the coiled structure of the amino acid folds upon itself again
-Quaternary: Two or more tertiary structures mixed together

Question 3

what is the RDA for protein

Answer 3

1.2-2 g/kg

Question 4

what is the UL for protein

Answer 4

2 g/kg of body weight

Question 5

how do protein levels affect calcium

Answer 5

protein promotes the excretion of calcium so if you have to much protein it can drop your calcium levels

Question 6

how much more water does it take to digest protein compared to other macronutrients

Answer 6

takes about 7x more water to digest and metabolize protein compared to other macronutrients

Question 7

what is protein deamination

Answer 7

When the amine group is removed from the amino acid and the amine group is converted into amonia and then urea

Question 8

what is protein transamination

Answer 8

When an amine group is transfered to another protein to form a different amino acid or convert an amino acid to a keto acid

Question 9

what is the difference between protein deamination and transamination

Answer 9

Transamination is protein being converted to another form of energy while denomination is when proteins are broken down

Question 10

how much more protein do people need on a low calorie diet compared to a normal diet

Answer 10

need about 15 % more then a normal diet

Question 11

what is positive nitrogen balance and would this be seen in a period of growth or deterioration

Answer 11

when someone is using up more protein than they are excreting which is normal in periods of growth or pregnancy

Question 12

what is a negative nitrogen balance and would this be seen in a period of growth or deterioration

Answer 12

when someone is excreting more nitrogen than they are taking in which would occur in periods of deterioration

Question 13

what is protein energy malnutrition

Answer 13

when there is not enough protein in the diet

Question 14

what is Kwashiorkor malnutrition and what is a clinical sign of this

Answer 14

a type of malnutrition characterized by severe protein deficiency it causes fluid retention and a swollen, distended abdomen

Question 15

what is marasmus malnutrition and what is a clinical sign of this

Answer 15

When there is a deficiency in calories overall these people will just look extremely skinny and have muscle wasting

Question 16

what is the easiest protein to digest and absorb and what percentage of it do we absorb

Answer 16

animal protein is the easiest to digest and we absorb 90% of the protein in it

Question 17

what is the easiest and most absorbable plant protein and how much of it do we absorb

Answer 17

legumes are best we absorb about 80% of the protein in them

Question 17

What improves digestion of protein

Answer 17

Absorption of any protein improves if eaten with CHO, fats , fish and meat & cooking in moist heat

Question 17

Define Protein denaturation and how does it occur

Answer 17

a process that alters the proteins structure causing it to lose its folded shape and ability to function can happen from heat acids or mechanical agitation

Question 18

how much calcium do we need per gram of protein

Answer 18

need around 20 mg of calcium for every gram of protein

Question 19

which protein is fast digesting and releases amino acids more quickly whey or casein

Answer 19

Whey is a faster absorbing protein