Week 6 (energy and enzymes)

Question 1

first law of thermodynamics

Answer 1

energy can be transformed but not created or destroyed

Question 2

second law of thermodynamics

Answer 2

energy moves from being localized to being dispersed

Question 3

closed system ?

Answer 3

exchanges energy but not matter with its surroundings

Question 4

open system ?

Answer 4

exchanges energy and matter with its surroundings

Question 5

isolated system ?

Answer 5

does not exchange matter or energy with surroundings

Question 6

entropy (S)

Answer 6

tendency of energy to become dispersed (spread out)

Question 7

spontaneous reaction (-)

Answer 7

procces that can occur without an input of energy
tend to be exothermic

Question 8

delta G = negative

Answer 8

spontaneous

Question 9

delta G = positive

Answer 9

not spontaneous

Question 10

enthalpy (H)

Answer 10

total potential energy in a system

Question 11

reactions tend to be spontaneous if what increases?

Answer 11

entropy

Question 12

exergonic reaction

Answer 12

delta G = is negative
products contain less free energy

Question 13

endergonic reaction

Answer 13

delta G= positive
products contain more free energy that reactants

Question 14

anabolic

Answer 14

synthesis of large molecules

Question 15

ATP name

Answer 15

adenosine triphosphate

Question 16

hydrolysis of ATP is what type of reaction

Answer 16

exergonic reaction

Question 17

enzymes in reactions

Answer 17

-increase rate of reaction by lowering activation energy
-never changes free energy

Question 18

catalyst

Answer 18

chemical agent that speeds up the rate of reaction without itself taking part in the reaction

Question 19

3 things enzymes do

Answer 19

-bring reacting molecules together
-change shape of substrate molecules
-expose reactant molecules

Question 20

competitive inhibition

Answer 20

-inhibitor competes with normal substrate for active site

Question 21

noncompetative inhibition

Answer 21

does not compete with normal substrate for active site, combines elsewhere

Question 22

2 effects of temperature on reactions

Answer 22

-temp rises/ rate of reaction increases
-high temps denature proteins/ reducing rate of reaction