Week 3 (the cell) Flashcards
nucleus
-area for genetic information
-bound by two phospholipid bilayer membranes (nuclear envelope)
-contains chromatin
nucleolus
region of RNA synthesis
nuclear pore complex
controls what goes in/ comes out
ribosomes
-site of protein synthesis
-RNA protein complexes composed of two subunits
free ribosomes
-suspended in the cytosol
-synthesizes proteins within cytosol
bound ribosomes
attached to the outside of the ER
-synthesizes proteins that are exported out of the cell
ER
includes tubules and internal spaces called cisternae
continuous with the nuclear envelope
smooth ER
-no ribosomes
-synthesizes lipids
-hydroxylation (+OH)
rough ER
-abundant in cells that secrete proteins
-secreted proteins are packaged into transport vesicles
golgi complex
-collect, package and distribute proteins at one location and utilized at another (post office)
-move from cisternae to cisternae
-go from golgi to the plasma membrane in secretory vesicles
-release contents to the exterior by exocytosis
cis face of golgi
accepts from ER
trans face of golgi
leaves from
lysosomes
-acidic small membrane bound vesicles found in animals
-formed by budding from golgi
-autophagy (recycling )
chloroplasts
-perform photosynthesis
solar energy - chemical
found in plants
mitochondria
-performs cell resp
-generates ATP
founds in plants and animals
catabolism
breaking down molecules into simpler ones
hydrolysis
large molecules into small ones water is consumed
endosymbiotic organelles
mitochondria and chloroplasts
-there proteins come mainly from free ribosomes in the cytosol
mitochondrial anatomy
-smooth outer membrane
-highly folded inner membrane (cristae)
-intermembrane space protons
-mitochondrial matrix is fluid inside inner membrane
plastids
amyloplasts (store starch)
chromoplasts (store pigments)
chloroplasts (harness solar energy/produce sugar)
chloroplast anatomy
-outer and inner membrane surround the stroma (contains dna, ribosomes)
-stroma houses thylakoids
-thylakoids are stacked into grana and hold chlorophyll
which organelle is not surrounded by its own membrane
ribosome
cytoskeleton
-network of proteins supporting cell shape/ structural integrity
microfilaments
-actin filaments
-cell movement (myosin)
-contraction in muscle fibres
smallest
microtubules
-dynamic changing lengths by adding tublin dimers
-provide tracks along which vesicles move between the cell interior and the plasma membrane
largest
flagellum
allows to move around (tail)
cilia
allows for movement on the surface of the cell (pull in stuff )
intermediate filaments
provide structural/ mechanical support
middle in size
