Week 3 (the cell)

Question 1

nucleus

Answer 1

-area for genetic information
-bound by two phospholipid bilayer membranes (nuclear envelope)
-contains chromatin

Question 2

nucleolus

Answer 2

region of RNA synthesis

Question 3

nuclear pore complex

Answer 3

controls what goes in/ comes out

Question 4

ribosomes

Answer 4

-site of protein synthesis
-RNA protein complexes composed of two subunits

Question 5

free ribosomes

Answer 5

-suspended in the cytosol
-synthesizes proteins within cytosol

Question 6

bound ribosomes

Answer 6

attached to the outside of the ER
-synthesizes proteins that are exported out of the cell

Question 7

ER

Answer 7

includes tubules and internal spaces called cisternae

continuous with the nuclear envelope

Question 8

smooth ER

Answer 8

-no ribosomes
-synthesizes lipids
-hydroxylation (+OH)

Question 9

rough ER

Answer 9

-abundant in cells that secrete proteins
-secreted proteins are packaged into transport vesicles

Question 10

golgi complex

Answer 10

-collect, package and distribute proteins at one location and utilized at another (post office)
-move from cisternae to cisternae
-go from golgi to the plasma membrane in secretory vesicles
-release contents to the exterior by exocytosis

Question 11

cis face of golgi

Answer 11

accepts from ER

Question 12

trans face of golgi

Answer 12

leaves from

Question 13

lysosomes

Answer 13

-acidic small membrane bound vesicles found in animals
-formed by budding from golgi
-autophagy (recycling )

Question 14

chloroplasts

Answer 14

-perform photosynthesis
solar energy - chemical
found in plants

Question 15

mitochondria

Answer 15

-performs cell resp
-generates ATP
founds in plants and animals

Question 16

catabolism

Answer 16

breaking down molecules into simpler ones

Question 17

hydrolysis

Answer 17

large molecules into small ones water is consumed

Question 18

endosymbiotic organelles

Answer 18

mitochondria and chloroplasts
-there proteins come mainly from free ribosomes in the cytosol

Question 19

mitochondrial anatomy

Answer 19

-smooth outer membrane
-highly folded inner membrane (cristae)
-intermembrane space protons
-mitochondrial matrix is fluid inside inner membrane

Question 20

plastids

Answer 20

amyloplasts (store starch)
chromoplasts (store pigments)
chloroplasts (harness solar energy/produce sugar)

Question 21

chloroplast anatomy

Answer 21

-outer and inner membrane surround the stroma (contains dna, ribosomes)
-stroma houses thylakoids
-thylakoids are stacked into grana and hold chlorophyll

Question 22

which organelle is not surrounded by its own membrane

Answer 22

ribosome

Question 23

cytoskeleton

Answer 23

-network of proteins supporting cell shape/ structural integrity

Question 24

microfilaments

Answer 24

-actin filaments
-cell movement (myosin)
-contraction in muscle fibres
smallest

Question 25

microtubules

Answer 25

-dynamic changing lengths by adding tublin dimers
-provide tracks along which vesicles move between the cell interior and the plasma membrane
largest

Question 26

flagellum

Answer 26

allows to move around (tail)

Question 27

cilia

Answer 27

allows for movement on the surface of the cell (pull in stuff )

Question 28

intermediate filaments

Answer 28

provide structural/ mechanical support
middle in size