Week 10 (DNA structure, organization and replication)

Question 1

DNA is a type of _______ with each nucleotide being composed _____

Answer 1

nucleic acid

-5 carbón sugar
-phosphate group
-nitrogenous base

Question 2

phosphodiester bond

Answer 2

when nucleotides are assembled together they are put in place with these covalent bonds

Question 3

pyrimidines

Answer 3

small bases
C,T,U

Question 4

purines

Answer 4

large bases
-adenine, guanine

Question 5

griffith experiment

Answer 5

suggested that bacteria can transfer genetic info thru a process called transformation

Question 6

hershey chase experiment

Answer 6

confirm that DNA is a genetic material

Question 7

watson and crick

Answer 7

said that DNA is an intertwined double helix

Question 8

Chargaffs rule

Answer 8

A-T
C-G

they form weak hydrogen bonds between the bases

Question 9

DNA is what kind of configuration

Answer 9

antiparallel

Question 10

conservative model vs dispersive model vs semi conservative model

Answer 10

conservative - two dif double helix’s
dispersive - chunks of each in each strand
semi conservative - one of each in a helix

Question 11

what strand begins and what strand is synthesized

Answer 11

-template strand begins
-complementary strand is synthesized

Question 12

how many sites of origin for euk vs pro

Answer 12

pro- single site
euk - multiple sites of origin

Question 13

what is DNA pol III and what does it do and what does it require

Answer 13

it’s an enzyme
-adds nucleotides to the pre existing growing complementary strand 3’ end
-requires an RNA primer

Question 14

sliding DNA clamp

Answer 14

protein that encircles DNA and attaches DNA pol III to template strand - increasing rate of DNA synthesis

Question 15

leading strand

Answer 15

-replicates towards replication fork
-synthesized continuously

Question 16

lagging strand

Answer 16

replicates away from replication fork
-synthesized in fragments
okazaki fragments

Question 17

DNA replication is referred to as….

Answer 17

semi discontinuous

Question 18

helicase

Answer 18

unwinding of duplex

Question 19

topoisomerase

Answer 19

removes torsional strain

Question 20

primase

Answer 20

builds a primer

Question 21

DNA pol III vs DNA pol I

Answer 21

pol III - assembles complementary strands

pol I- removes primer

Question 22

DNA ligase

Answer 22

joins fragments on lagging strand

Question 23

order of events of replication on lagging strand

Answer 23

1-replication proteins
2-helicase
3-SSBPs (hold strands apart )
4-primase
5-DNA pol III
6–DNA pol I
7-ligase

Question 24

what proofreads strands

Answer 24

DNA pol III

Question 25

telomeres and where is it added

Answer 25

-prevent chromosomes from shrinking during replication
-telomerase adds to 3’ end

Question 26

nucleoside

Answer 26

5 carbon sugar and nitrogenous base
NO PHOSPHATE GROUP

Question 27

nuclease

Answer 27

capable of breaking the phosphodiester bonds