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LASER 2012 > week 6 cellular effects > Flashcards

week 6 cellular effects Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 unique characteristics of a laser?

A

it is monochromatic, coherent and collimated.

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2
Q

What are the biological effects largely dependent on?

A

wavelength, power density and fluence (ED)

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3
Q

what is ‘wavelength’?

A

The distance between 2 peaks

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4
Q

what is ‘power density’?

A

The amount of power per unit area (usually expressed as watts per cm 2)

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5
Q

what is ‘fluence’?

A

Otherwise known as Energy density! The measurement of energy in an area

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6
Q

how do you measure PD?

A

PD = watts / beam area

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7
Q

What are 4 types of tissue interactions that can occur?

A

electromechanical, photoablative, photothermal & photomechanical

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8
Q

What is an electromechanical tissue interaction?

A

the rupture of tissue, high power beams, small pulses (NS), ED of 100 joules per CM 2

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9
Q

what is a photoablative tissue interaction?

A

breaking of intramolecular bonds (YAG & C02)

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10
Q

What is a photothermal tissue interaction?

A

conversion of energy into heat, controlled by the target absorption (water, melanin & blood)

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11
Q

what is a photomechanical tissue interaction?

A

The uptake of chemicals by target cells (PDT)

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12
Q

What effect on tissue does a temp of <43 deg have?

A

bio-stimulation LLLT

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13
Q

What effect on tissue does a temp of 45 deg have?

A

cell mortality (if sustained)

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14
Q

What effect on tissue does a temp of 50 deg have?

A

reduced enzyme activity

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15
Q

What effect on tissue does a temp of 52 have?

A

edema, enzyme changes

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16
Q

What effect on tissue does a temp of 60 have?

A

protein denaturation, coagulation (vein treatments)

17
Q

What effect on tissue does a temp of 80 have?

A

cell membrane becomes permeable collagen denaturates

18
Q

What effect on tissue does a temp of 100 have?

A

vaporization, ablation, tissue carbonation. hair

19
Q

at around what temperature does protein coagulation occur?

A

45 deg

20
Q

What temp does LLLT not go above?

A

43 degs

21
Q

What does LLLT do to cellular function? (S&I)

A

stimulate or inhibit cell function

22
Q

what are some physiological effects of LLLT?

A

bio-stimulation, increase blood circulation & vasodialation, increase ATP production, analgesic effects (chronic pain), anti inflammatory, stimulates wound healing, increase collagen, increase macrophage activity, stimulates nerve functions

23
Q

How do you calculate the ED?

A

ED = Watts X Time / Beam area.

LASER 2012 (10 decks)

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