week 12 LLLT Flashcards
what is the chromophore on mitochondria cells?
Cytochrome c oxidase
explain how ATP is synthesized
the chromophore on the mitochondrial cell is stimulated by LLLT which causes the ADP to be synthesized into ATP
How does LLLT help reduce pain? (4)
Increases endorphin’s, blocks pain nerve pathways, increases nitric oxide production, increases nerve cell potential.
How does LLLT help reduce pain? (4) second lot
nerve cell regeneration, decreases Bradykinin levels, increase acetylcholine & normalizes Ca+, NA+ & K+
what are the 3 stages of inflammation?
proliferation, remodeling & maturation.
what does LLLT do for tissue healing (general)
enhances the progression through the stages of inflammation.
What are the benefits of LLLT on tissue healing (8)
Leukocyte infiltration, increase in macrophage activity(accelerates phagocytosis, stimulates collagen),increase neovascularisation, increased fibroblasts proliferation, keratinocyte proliferation, early epithelialisation, increase in GF, enhanced cell proliferation, healed wound strength.
can you use LLLT on children?
yes
Is a pace maker a contraindication for LLLT
no
is LLLT electrotherapy or phototherapy
phototherapy
what are absolute contraindications for LLLT
treatment over eyes! thyroid glands, carcinomas
Can you use LLLT over the eyelid?
yes
can you use LLLT after steroid injections?
not straight away
can you do LLLT on a pregnant lady?
with caution
if someone was using anti inflammatory medications what would be the response from LLLT
they may not respond as quick,.
what would happen if you did LLLT on someone taking anti-coagulants?
they may bruise easily, use minimal pressure.
what does PRR stand for?
pulse repetition rate
why is the pulse repetition rate so important?
it determines, whether it bio-stimulates or inhibits
if you want to heal something what PRR would you use? (high or low)
low PRR
if you want to inhibit bacteria in an area what PRR would you use?
high PRR
If you had active acne, what PRR would you use?
High (inhibit) over the bacteria & low (bio-stimulate) around the area to help the healing.
after 6 treatments what should you do, to avoid accommodation?
stop treatment.
what Hz is considered to be ‘low’ PRR
2.5-20Hz
What is considered to be ‘medium’ Hz PRR
73-700Hz
What is considered to be ‘High’ PRR?
1,000- 20,000 (1 K- 20 KHz)
what PRR would you use to inhibit? (detailed)
HIGH 1000 - 20000
what is the maximum j/cm for open wounds?
16 joules per cm 2
what is the maximum joules per cm squared that can be delivered to intact skin?
24 joules per cm 2
if your patient is over 60, what should you be doing with the joules?
double them
if the patient is under 12 what should you do with the joules?
half them
how often should you treat someone with a chronic condition such as an ulcer?
twice weekly
how often should you treat someone with an acute condition such as a surgical wound or a burn?
daily or every 2nd day
if someone had eczema how often can you treat them?
leave an interval of 2-3 days and use low dose
where in the cell is the Red light absorbed?
The mitochondria
what is the red light a good source of stimulation for?
growth factors
what conditions is red light more suited for?
superficial conditions
where is the Infrared light absorbed in the cell?
the cell wall
What light does the Spectra probe produce?
Red
what light does the photon probe produce?
infrared
what light does the pulsar plus produce?
infrared
what light does the multiscan produce?
red- infrared.
does the multiscan inhibit or bio stimulate?
It can do both
what is the recommended ED for chronic pain?
4 - 15 j/cm2
what should you do with the ED when treating fitz 5 or 6?
Increase ED
when would you use the non- contact method?
on a higher fitz
what condition would you use non contact method with?
open wounds
if you are treating an open would how would you treat it with the laser head?
treat by scanning over the area in non contact method twice, and treat around the margin like a checker board.
would you inhibit or bio stimulate?
inhibit always
what area would you bio stimulate when treating pain?
bio stimulate the nearest lymph node
what treatment head is best for pain?
the pulsar plus
treatment plan for acute pain…
within 12 hours, daily for 3 days, then twice weekly
treatment plan for chronic pain…
twice weekly for 6 weeks
treatment plan for joint conditions…
twice weekly for 6 weeks
treatment plan for neurotic pain…
twice weekly for 6 weeks
treatment plan for non healing wounds…
twice weekly until resolved
treatment plan for post operative pain…
within 1 hour of surgery and daily…
what is the 1st thing to decide when making a treatment plan?
determine if you will bio stimulate or inhibit
what PRR do you use if you are bio stimulating?
2.5Hz
what PRR do you use if you are inhibiting?
continuous or 20kHz
what is the second thing you decide in a treatment plan?
contact or non contact
do you work proximal to distal or distal to proximal
proximal to distal
when do you treat the lymph nodes?
before every treatment
when would I use an LED probe?
when its less the 1 cm in depth
when treating an ulcer what order do you treat?
lymph nodes, margin and scan the center of the wound
would you bio stimulate or inhibit over an leg ulcer?
bio stimulate & inhibit on infection
what probe would I use on a leg ulcer to inhibit if there is infection?
spectra (visible red)
what cells are we stimulating when we bio stimulate a wound
macrophage’s, lymphocytes…
If I was treating an 8 year old with an open wound, would I half the ED, why?
no, because we are doing non contact and we need to accommodate for the loss of energy.
if some one if suffering pain from an open wound, what would I do?
inhibit the pain at the source & the nerve endings in the spine
