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LASER 2012 > week 12 LLLT > Flashcards

week 12 LLLT Flashcards

1
Q

what is the chromophore on mitochondria cells?

A

Cytochrome c oxidase

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2
Q

explain how ATP is synthesized

A

the chromophore on the mitochondrial cell is stimulated by LLLT which causes the ADP to be synthesized into ATP

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3
Q

How does LLLT help reduce pain? (4)

A

Increases endorphin’s, blocks pain nerve pathways, increases nitric oxide production, increases nerve cell potential.

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4
Q

How does LLLT help reduce pain? (4) second lot

A

nerve cell regeneration, decreases Bradykinin levels, increase acetylcholine & normalizes Ca+, NA+ & K+

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5
Q

what are the 3 stages of inflammation?

A

proliferation, remodeling & maturation.

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6
Q

what does LLLT do for tissue healing (general)

A

enhances the progression through the stages of inflammation.

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7
Q

What are the benefits of LLLT on tissue healing (8)

A

Leukocyte infiltration, increase in macrophage activity(accelerates phagocytosis, stimulates collagen),increase neovascularisation, increased fibroblasts proliferation, keratinocyte proliferation, early epithelialisation, increase in GF, enhanced cell proliferation, healed wound strength.

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8
Q

can you use LLLT on children?

A

yes

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9
Q

Is a pace maker a contraindication for LLLT

A

no

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10
Q

is LLLT electrotherapy or phototherapy

A

phototherapy

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11
Q

what are absolute contraindications for LLLT

A

treatment over eyes! thyroid glands, carcinomas

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12
Q

Can you use LLLT over the eyelid?

A

yes

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13
Q

can you use LLLT after steroid injections?

A

not straight away

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14
Q

can you do LLLT on a pregnant lady?

A

with caution

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15
Q

if someone was using anti inflammatory medications what would be the response from LLLT

A

they may not respond as quick,.

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16
Q

what would happen if you did LLLT on someone taking anti-coagulants?

A

they may bruise easily, use minimal pressure.

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17
Q

what does PRR stand for?

A

pulse repetition rate

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18
Q

why is the pulse repetition rate so important?

A

it determines, whether it bio-stimulates or inhibits

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19
Q

if you want to heal something what PRR would you use? (high or low)

A

low PRR

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20
Q

if you want to inhibit bacteria in an area what PRR would you use?

A

high PRR

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21
Q

If you had active acne, what PRR would you use?

A

High (inhibit) over the bacteria & low (bio-stimulate) around the area to help the healing.

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22
Q

after 6 treatments what should you do, to avoid accommodation?

A

stop treatment.

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23
Q

what Hz is considered to be ‘low’ PRR

A

2.5-20Hz

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24
Q

What is considered to be ‘medium’ Hz PRR

A

73-700Hz

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25
Q

What is considered to be ‘High’ PRR?

A

1,000- 20,000 (1 K- 20 KHz)

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26
Q

what PRR would you use to inhibit? (detailed)

A

HIGH 1000 - 20000

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27
Q

what is the maximum j/cm for open wounds?

A

16 joules per cm 2

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28
Q

what is the maximum joules per cm squared that can be delivered to intact skin?

A

24 joules per cm 2

29
Q

if your patient is over 60, what should you be doing with the joules?

A

double them

30
Q

if the patient is under 12 what should you do with the joules?

A

half them

31
Q

how often should you treat someone with a chronic condition such as an ulcer?

A

twice weekly

32
Q

how often should you treat someone with an acute condition such as a surgical wound or a burn?

A

daily or every 2nd day

33
Q

if someone had eczema how often can you treat them?

A

leave an interval of 2-3 days and use low dose

34
Q

where in the cell is the Red light absorbed?

A

The mitochondria

35
Q

what is the red light a good source of stimulation for?

A

growth factors

36
Q

what conditions is red light more suited for?

A

superficial conditions

37
Q

where is the Infrared light absorbed in the cell?

A

the cell wall

38
Q

What light does the Spectra probe produce?

A

Red

39
Q

what light does the photon probe produce?

A

infrared

40
Q

what light does the pulsar plus produce?

A

infrared

41
Q

what light does the multiscan produce?

A

red- infrared.

42
Q

does the multiscan inhibit or bio stimulate?

A

It can do both

43
Q

what is the recommended ED for chronic pain?

A

4 - 15 j/cm2

44
Q

what should you do with the ED when treating fitz 5 or 6?

A

Increase ED

45
Q

when would you use the non- contact method?

A

on a higher fitz

46
Q

what condition would you use non contact method with?

A

open wounds

47
Q

if you are treating an open would how would you treat it with the laser head?

A

treat by scanning over the area in non contact method twice, and treat around the margin like a checker board.

48
Q

would you inhibit or bio stimulate?

A

inhibit always

49
Q

what area would you bio stimulate when treating pain?

A

bio stimulate the nearest lymph node

50
Q

what treatment head is best for pain?

A

the pulsar plus

51
Q

treatment plan for acute pain…

A

within 12 hours, daily for 3 days, then twice weekly

52
Q

treatment plan for chronic pain…

A

twice weekly for 6 weeks

53
Q

treatment plan for joint conditions…

A

twice weekly for 6 weeks

54
Q

treatment plan for neurotic pain…

A

twice weekly for 6 weeks

55
Q

treatment plan for non healing wounds…

A

twice weekly until resolved

56
Q

treatment plan for post operative pain…

A

within 1 hour of surgery and daily…

57
Q

what is the 1st thing to decide when making a treatment plan?

A

determine if you will bio stimulate or inhibit

58
Q

what PRR do you use if you are bio stimulating?

A

2.5Hz

59
Q

what PRR do you use if you are inhibiting?

A

continuous or 20kHz

60
Q

what is the second thing you decide in a treatment plan?

A

contact or non contact

61
Q

do you work proximal to distal or distal to proximal

A

proximal to distal

62
Q

when do you treat the lymph nodes?

A

before every treatment

63
Q

when would I use an LED probe?

A

when its less the 1 cm in depth

64
Q

when treating an ulcer what order do you treat?

A

lymph nodes, margin and scan the center of the wound

65
Q

would you bio stimulate or inhibit over an leg ulcer?

A

bio stimulate & inhibit on infection

66
Q

what probe would I use on a leg ulcer to inhibit if there is infection?

A

spectra (visible red)

67
Q

what cells are we stimulating when we bio stimulate a wound

A

macrophage’s, lymphocytes…

68
Q

If I was treating an 8 year old with an open wound, would I half the ED, why?

A

no, because we are doing non contact and we need to accommodate for the loss of energy.

69
Q

if some one if suffering pain from an open wound, what would I do?

A

inhibit the pain at the source & the nerve endings in the spine

LASER 2012 (10 decks)

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