Week 6

Question 1

Space vs place

Answer 1

Location. reduced representation of a space
vs. meanings created in that location, subjective meanings associated with location. doesn’t have to be somewhere you have been! e.g. North Pole everyone associates something with that place.

Question 2

Isachenko: places are multi-layered entities. What are these layers?

Answer 2

1. Physical landscape, base layers. Most stable layer. It is what is there, grass, buildings, etc.
2. Use of space 1. Human layer: influences the associations with the environments. time-space specific, places are built in historical layers
3. Use of space 2: also a human layer. another historical layer, geological metaphor. previous developments influence current ones even if we wouldn’t construct them today.
   4 and 5: layers are created in a collective way. media representations, education. gives form to place imaginations
   6 and 7. political interpretations and symbols. selective interpretations of events, places.

Question 3

Individualist perspectives sense of place

Answer 3

1. Tuan: requires residence and deep involvement. about your personal associations
2. Hay, 1998: tourists do not develop strong sense of place as insiders do from long residence

Question 4

Strength vs. Content in sense of place

Answer 4

1. Osun Osogbo festival: tourists felt stronger sense of place than locals. the festival is so spiritually important to them
2. Festival has UNESCO World Heritage status – intangible, but makes people realise/think it is very important.
3. also a criticism of individualist perspectives – it is not just about length of residence, etc. is is about what you do there, who you meet there.

Question 5

Place identity
Place attachment
Sense of place
DEFINE

Answer 5

Place identity: Cognitive transactions between individuals and their environment

Place attachment: emotional or affective bond between people and places
= place identity + place dependence

Sense of place: Most overarching concept - personal relations with specific localities.
= Place identity (cognitive) + place attachment (emotional) + place dependence (functional).

Question 6

Place-myth

Answer 6

Example: Lake District in England. no inherent reason for going – used to be neglected place, infertile
over time, the collective mind decided it was worth going (also Urry - the making of the lake district

Question 7

Conflicts and sense of place examples

Answer 7

1. Uluru/Ayers Rock: need to be aware of how you name things!
2. Obikei ethnicity in Ogasawara, Japan: place meanings of people not incorporated into destination development. the nature is part of their identity, very strong attachment
3. NZ: locals thought that tourists getting free park while they paid taxes unfair (Fiordland national park and other national parks)
4. Mondriaankwelder in Wadden Sea: plan to create gridlike patterns on the marsh, a lot of protests and project was canceled.

Question 8

Qualitative methods: sense of place and tourism

Answer 8

1. diaries and semi-structured interviews
2. photo-elicitation: participants photographing things they felt attached to, that they would miss if they were gone
3. creating a web of meanings through in-depth interviews. allowed to see where overlaps between meanings was – can be used for policy.
4. mental mapping: respondents put stickers dots on places they valued in terms of wilderness and economic values.
5. mental mapping: can also be free drawing on a map.

Question 9

Quantitative approaches: sense of place and tourism

Answer 9

1. likert scale - strongly agree or disagree.
2. questionnaire survey. used willingness to stay as indicator of sense of place in the paper and divided people into four categories based on results.