Week 1

Question 1

Mehmet growth vs. development

Answer 1

quantitative vs quantitative AND qualitative.
development is about well being as well. e.g. Venice has achieved growth but not development
not just about overtourism but about who benefits/loses from tourism

Question 2

Dependency theory

Answer 2

• notion that resources flow from a “periphery” of poor and underdeveloped states to a “core” of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former. create a dependency on the richer country
• dependent on funds, knowledge, policies even though time frame has changed

Question 3

Economic neoliberalism

Answer 3

• reducing government interference
• “eliminating price controls, deregulating capital markets, lowering trade barriers”
• letting market forces decide

Question 4

Alternative development paradigm

Answer 4

• not just about neoliberalism
• also about sustainability, balancing different forces
• focus on grassroots development

Question 5

Why does tourism have uneven distribution of impacts? (implementation gap)

Answer 5

1. honeypot structures
2. unequal stakeholder wishes
3. different spheres in tourism industry - ecological, economic, social. positive effects might only be in one sphere

Question 6

Honeypot structure

Answer 6

spatial inequality of tourism. everyone goes to isle of skye, for example, but not to other Scottish isles. not enough in places that could use tourism —> leads to spatial inequality

Question 7

Environmental issues in Wadden

Answer 7

1. very populated area, lots of urban areas around
2. gas and salt extraction - e.g. bad for bird migrations
3. afsluitdijk - bad for fish migrations
4. dredging (ships while fishing)
5. windmills as visual pollution to some people

Question 8

Proximity tourism

Answer 8

focusing on marketing to people who live close by, e.g. during corona proximity tourism was much more popular.

Question 9

Economic issues in Wadden area

Answer 9

1. young people moving away
2. most heritage sites do not bring economic activity
3. Germany has more successful Wadden tourism
4. poor infrastructure, e.g. for island hopping you have to go to the mainland first in Holland
5. not on many people’s radar in NL, only Vries people go there generally
6. there is no sustainable tourism strategy for the entire region in place
7. Average household income much lower than dutch average
8. very diverse incomes/tourism - e.g. islands are rich and get a lot of tourism, mainland areas less so

Question 10

Economic opportunities in Wadden area

Answer 10

1. tourism concentrates in coastal areas
2. large urban areas in surroundings, so it is close to a lot of people
3. large market for proximity tourism
4. UNESCO heritage site
5. tourism creates a lot of jobs (largest economic contributor on the islands)
6. Wadden islands tourism is stable (despite declining a bit in the North Sea area)
7. not affected by corona

Question 11

Why does tourism have the same economic effect as exporting goods?

Answer 11

because the money and tourists come from outside the place —> which is the same as exporting goods. Net effect of the economy is the same