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BIO1022 > Week 6 > Flashcards

Week 6 Flashcards

1
Q

essential AA

A

cannot be synthesised by body
ingested by diet
8/20 all AA

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2
Q

incisors

A

specialised for biting and cutting

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3
Q

canines

A

piercing body of prey

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4
Q

premolars and molars

A

crushing and shredding tougher foods like meat and fibrous plant

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5
Q

3 stages of digestion

A

mechanical digestion
chemical digestion
absorption

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6
Q

foregut

A

mouth
esophagus
stomach/crop

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7
Q

midgut

A

small intenstine

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8
Q

hindgut

A

large intenstine and rectum

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9
Q

amylase

A

in mouth

breaks down carbohydrates

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10
Q

lipase

A

in secretions from tongue

breaks down lipids

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11
Q

protein site of digestion

A

stomach and SI

E: pepsin, trypsin

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12
Q

carbohydrate site of digestion

A

mouth and SI

E: salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase, lactase

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13
Q

lipid site of digestion

A

mouth, stomach, SI

E: lingual (tongue) lipase, gastric (stomach) lipase, pancreatic lipase

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14
Q

3 parts of SI

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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15
Q

lining of the digestive tract

A 
lumen 
mucosa 
submucosa 
inner circular muscle layer 
outer longitudinal muscle layer 
serosa
mesentry
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16
Q

lumen

A

central space through which the gut contents travel

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17
Q

mucosa

A

secretes enzymes and mucus, and absorbs nutrient

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18
Q

submucosa

A

contains blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves

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19
Q

inner circular muscle layer

A

contracts to reduce lumen size

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20
Q

outer longitudinal muscle layer

A

contracts to shorten small sections of the gut

21
Q

serosa

A

outer layer of cells and connective tissue that covers and protects the gut

22
Q

mesentry

A

membrane through which blood vessels, nerves and lymph travel to supply the gut

23
Q

kidneys

A

excretory organs of vertebrates

24
Q

nephron

A

glomerulus
capsule
renal tubules
collecting ducts

25
Q

nephrons function

A

filtration of blood passing through glomerulus
reabsorption from renal tubule back into bloodstream of key electrolytes and solutes
secretion of additional wastes and electrolytes by renal tubules

26
Q

energy usage

A

70% basic life processes

30% physical activity

27
Q

positive energy balance

A

more energy input

28
Q

negative energy balance

A

more energy output

29
Q

dietary minerals

A

chemical elements other than C,H,O and N that are required in cells and must be obtained in the food that an animal eats

30
Q

suspension filter feeding

A

aquatic animals

water with food suspended is passed through a sievelike structure

31
Q

suction feeding and active swimming

A

large aquatic animals
Rapid expansion of the fish’s mouth cavity draws water and the desired prey into the mouth
After the fish closes its mouth, the water is pumped out of the mouth past the gills
Prey is trapped in mouth, moves into pharynx and is broken up by specialised pharyngeal jaws before being swallowed

32
Q

temporomandibular joint

A

a specialised jaw joint with specialised teeth that enable mammals to break down a variety of food mechanically before swallowing

33
Q

biomass

A

mass of living things in an area

34
Q

liver

A

produces bile

removes toxins

35
Q

salivary glands

A

release amylase to breakdown carbohydrate

36
Q

secretions from tongue

A

lipase breaks down lipids

37
Q

mouth

A

mechanical breakdown of food

38
Q

stomach

A

gastrin produced- stimulates HCl secretion
pepsin produces- breaks down proteins
gastric lipases- break down lipids

39
Q

pancreas

A

produces enzymes for SI
amylase- break down carbohydrates
lipase- break down lipids

40
Q

SI

A

acid from stomach neutralised
nutrients absorbed
final digestion
produces lactase

41
Q

LI

A

absorbing water and inorganic ions from our food and storing the semi solid waste for disposal

42
Q

gallbladder

A

bile produced by liver stored until required

signalled to release when fats enter SI

43
Q

CKK

A

released when fats enter duodenum

causes gallbladder to contract

44
Q

ruminants

A

four chambered stomach

rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum

45
Q

hindgut fermentation

A

mammalian herbivores
colon and cecum
less efficient nutrient extractor

46
Q

urea

A

less toxic than ammonia
produced in liver
carried by blood to kidneys
eliminated from kidneys

47
Q

excretory organs

A

filtration, reabsorption, secretion

48
Q

order during starvation

A

glycogen
fat
protein

BIO1022 (13 decks)

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