Week 6

Question 1

essential AA

Answer 1

cannot be synthesised by body
ingested by diet
8/20 all AA

Question 2

incisors

Answer 2

specialised for biting and cutting

Question 3

canines

Answer 3

piercing body of prey

Question 4

premolars and molars

Answer 4

crushing and shredding tougher foods like meat and fibrous plant

Question 5

3 stages of digestion

Answer 5

mechanical digestion
chemical digestion
absorption

Question 6

foregut

Answer 6

mouth
esophagus
stomach/crop

Question 7

midgut

Answer 7

small intenstine

Question 8

hindgut

Answer 8

large intenstine and rectum

Question 9

amylase

Answer 9

in mouth

breaks down carbohydrates

Question 10

lipase

Answer 10

in secretions from tongue

breaks down lipids

Question 11

protein site of digestion

Answer 11

stomach and SI

E: pepsin, trypsin

Question 12

carbohydrate site of digestion

Answer 12

mouth and SI

E: salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase, lactase

Question 13

lipid site of digestion

Answer 13

mouth, stomach, SI

E: lingual (tongue) lipase, gastric (stomach) lipase, pancreatic lipase

Question 14

3 parts of SI

Answer 14

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 15

lining of the digestive tract

Answer 15

lumen 
mucosa 
submucosa 
inner circular muscle layer 
outer longitudinal muscle layer 
serosa
mesentry

Question 16

lumen

Answer 16

central space through which the gut contents travel

Question 17

mucosa

Answer 17

secretes enzymes and mucus, and absorbs nutrient

Question 18

submucosa

Answer 18

contains blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves

Question 19

inner circular muscle layer

Answer 19

contracts to reduce lumen size

Question 20

outer longitudinal muscle layer

Answer 20

contracts to shorten small sections of the gut

Question 21

serosa

Answer 21

outer layer of cells and connective tissue that covers and protects the gut

Question 22

mesentry

Answer 22

membrane through which blood vessels, nerves and lymph travel to supply the gut

Question 23

kidneys

Answer 23

excretory organs of vertebrates

Question 24

nephron

Answer 24

glomerulus
capsule
renal tubules
collecting ducts

Question 25

nephrons function

Answer 25

filtration of blood passing through glomerulus reabsorption from renal tubule back into bloodstream of key electrolytes and solutes secretion of additional wastes and electrolytes by renal tubules

Question 26

energy usage

Answer 26

70% basic life processes | 30% physical activity

Question 27

positive energy balance

Answer 27

more energy input

Question 28

negative energy balance

Answer 28

more energy output

Question 29

dietary minerals

Answer 29

chemical elements other than C,H,O and N that are required in cells and must be obtained in the food that an animal eats

Question 30

suspension filter feeding

Answer 30

aquatic animals | water with food suspended is passed through a sievelike structure

Question 31

suction feeding and active swimming

Answer 31

large aquatic animals Rapid expansion of the fish’s mouth cavity draws water and the desired prey into the mouth After the fish closes its mouth, the water is pumped out of the mouth past the gills Prey is trapped in mouth, moves into pharynx and is broken up by specialised pharyngeal jaws before being swallowed

Question 32

temporomandibular joint

Answer 32

a specialised jaw joint with specialised teeth that enable mammals to break down a variety of food mechanically before swallowing

Question 33

biomass

Answer 33

mass of living things in an area

Question 34

liver

Answer 34

produces bile | removes toxins

Question 35

salivary glands

Answer 35

release amylase to breakdown carbohydrate

Question 36

secretions from tongue

Answer 36

lipase breaks down lipids

Question 37

mouth

Answer 37

mechanical breakdown of food

Question 38

stomach

Answer 38

gastrin produced- stimulates HCl secretion pepsin produces- breaks down proteins gastric lipases- break down lipids

Question 39

pancreas

Answer 39

produces enzymes for SI amylase- break down carbohydrates lipase- break down lipids

Question 40

SI

Answer 40

acid from stomach neutralised nutrients absorbed final digestion produces lactase

Question 41

LI

Answer 41

absorbing water and inorganic ions from our food and storing the semi solid waste for disposal

Question 42

gallbladder

Answer 42

bile produced by liver stored until required | signalled to release when fats enter SI

Question 43

CKK

Answer 43

released when fats enter duodenum | causes gallbladder to contract

Question 44

ruminants

Answer 44

four chambered stomach | rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum

Question 45

hindgut fermentation

Answer 45

mammalian herbivores colon and cecum less efficient nutrient extractor

Question 46

urea

Answer 46

less toxic than ammonia produced in liver carried by blood to kidneys eliminated from kidneys

Question 47

excretory organs

Answer 47

filtration, reabsorption, secretion

Question 48

order during starvation

Answer 48

glycogen fat protein