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BIO1022 > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Fisher

A

The modern synthesis

several genes can contribute to a single trait

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2
Q

Positive selection

A

NS that increases the frequency of a favourable allele

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3
Q

Negative selection

A

NS that decreases the frequency of a deleterious allele

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4
Q

balancing selection

A

acts to maintain two or more alleles in a population

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5
Q

stabilising selection

A

maintains the status quo and acts against extremes

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6
Q

directional selection

A

leads to a change in a trait over time

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7
Q

artificial selection

A

form of directional selection

successful genotypes are selected by breeder, not through competition

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8
Q

Disruptive selection

A

operates in favour of extremes and against intermediate forms

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9
Q

intrasexual selection

A

members of one sex compete with one another for access to the other sex (fighting)

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10
Q

intersexual selection

A

females choose thier mates

males compete for the attention of females with bright colours and advertisement displays

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11
Q

biological species concept

A

species are group of actually or potentially interbreeding populations that are reproductively isolated from other such gorups

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12
Q

Morphospecies concept

A

members of same species usually look alike, have similar DNA sequences that are distinct from other species

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13
Q

cryptic species

A

organisms that had been traditionally considered as belonging to one species because they look similar, but turn out to belong to two species because of a distinction at the DNA sequence level

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14
Q

ring species

A

species with populations that are reproductively but not genetically isolated
gene exchange occurs indirectly through intermediate populations

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15
Q

ecological species concept

A

there is a one-to-one correspondence between a species and its niche; impossible for two species to coexist in same location if their niches are too similar because competition will lead to extinction of one of them

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16
Q

phylogenetic species concept

A

members of a species all share a common ancestry and fate; members of a species have one common ancestor; useful in asexual species; limited use

17
Q

Pre zygotic isolating factors

A 
behaviourally isolated 
gametic isolation 
mechanical incompatibility 
temporal isolation 
geographic or ecological isolation
18
Q

post zygotic isolating factors

A

genetic incompatibilities

19
Q

two ways by which populations become allopatric

A

dispersal and vicariance

20
Q

dispersal

A

some individuals colonise a distant place far from the main source population

21
Q

vicariance

A

geographical barrier arises within a single population, separating it into two or more isolated populations
vicariance-derived speciation is easier to study as easier to date

22
Q

peripatric speciation

A

few individuals from a mainland population disperse to a new location remote from original population and evolve separately
change accumulates faster in the isolated populations than in original population (genetic drift more pronounced)

23
Q

Adaptive radiation

A

bout of unusually rapid evolutionary diversification in which NS accelerates the rate of both speciation and adaptation; Occurs when there are many ecological opportunities available for exploitation

24
Q

co-speciation

A

speciation that occurs in response to speciation in another species
host-parasite speciation

25
Q

sympatric populations

A

for speciation to occur sympatrically, NS must act strongly to counteract the homogenising effect of gene flow
no geographical separation

26
Q

BSC does not apply to

A

asexual or extinct organisms

27
Q

speciation

A

occurs when two populations that are genetically diverging become reproductively isolated from each other
cannot produce viable, fertile offspring together

28
Q

allopatric population

A

populations geographically separated from each other

29
Q

peripatric speciation is a type of

A

dispersal

30
Q

order of M

A 
molar
milli molar 
micro molar 
nano molar 
femto molar
31
Q

n=

A

CV

32
Q

m=

A

n x Mw

33
Q

Darwin’s two observations

A

members of a population often vary in their inherited traits
all species can reproduce more offspring than their environment can support (struggle for survival)

34
Q

what is changing over time in NS

A

the inherited traits of a POPULATION

35
Q

Darwin’s two inferences

A

those with higher survival rate contribute more offspring to next generation
accumulation of favourable traits in the population over many generations

36
Q

heritable variations in traits

A

is randomly produced through mutation and sexual reproduction

BIO1022 (13 decks)

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