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BIO1022 > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

primates

A

nails not claws
versatile thumb
eyes on front of face (Not sides) for stereoscopic vision

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2
Q

prosimians

A

primate group seperate to the one that gave rise to humans

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3
Q

new world monkeys

A

nostrils more widely spaced than in old world monkeys

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4
Q

old world monkeys

A

apes

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5
Q

lesser apes

A

fourteen species of gibbon, all found in SE Asia

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6
Q

greater apes

A

orangutans
gorillas
chimps
humans

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7
Q

Closest relative to humans

A

chimps

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8
Q

hominins

A

the many different species, including modern humans, that have arisen on the human side of the split since the human/chimp common ancestor

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9
Q

multiregional hypothesis

A

humans derived from H.ergaster
implies that different H.Ergaster populations throughout Africa and Eurasia evolved in parallel with limited gene flow among them, each producing modern humans

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10
Q

Out of Africa hypothesis

A

humans Arose more recently from H.ergaster that remained in Africa and descended around 200,000 YA

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11
Q

Cro-magnon

A

first population of HS to arrive in Europe

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12
Q

Neoteny

A

long term evolutionary process in which the timing of development is altered so that a sexually mature organism still retains the physical characteristics of the juvenile form
humans look more like juvenile chimps than adult chimps, suggesting that humans may be neotenous great apes

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13
Q

FOXP2

A

evolutionary conserved gene that encodes transcription factors that play important roles in development
mutations have difficulty with speech and language
same effect on animals

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14
Q

austrolopithecus afarensis

A 
lucy 
3.5 MYA 
Eastern Africa 
bipedal 
curved fingers
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15
Q

homo erectus

A

uprigth man
1 MYA
long legs
expanded brain

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16
Q

homo neanderthalensis

A 
200,000 YA 
Europe and Asia 
large brain 
symbolic behaviour 
disappeared 30,000 YA
17
Q

Homo sapiens

A

from 300,000 YA

global distribution

18
Q

humans split from chimps

A

5-7 MYA

19
Q

Ardi

A

walked upright on two legs

four limbed in trees

20
Q

lucy

A

bipedal
curved fingers
3.5 MYA
A. Afarensis

21
Q

Individuals that first left Africa 2MYA

A

H.Ergaster and H.Erecturs

22
Q

h.floresiensis

A

extinct 12 000 YA

23
Q

mtDNA

A

more abundant
inherited from mother
no genetic recombination
variation only through mutation

24
Q

breeding between neanderthals and human ancestors

A

as populations of our ancestors headed from africa into the middle east, they encountered neanderthals and it was then, before modern humans had spread out across the world, that interbreeding took place

25
Q

% of every non African genome that is neanderthal derived

A

1-4%

26
Q

Denisovans and neanderthal

A

also interbred but neanderthal not in mtDNA

possible that neanderthal mtDNA lineage has been lost via genetic drift or sex based differences

27
Q

King and Wilson

A

small changes in software could have major impact even though basic hardware same

28
Q

homo sapiens physiological

A

foramen magnum centres
spine s shaped- weight directly over pelvis
pelvis reconfigured for upright posture
long legs
narrow foot with more developed heel and larger big toe

29
Q

more genetic variation in african populations

A

those who migrated out of africa started off with very little variation anyway

30
Q

homo order

A

Homo ergaster → Homo heidelbergensis → Homo sapiens

31
Q

order of developments

A

bipedalism → more dexterous thumbs → human jaw → language

32
Q

denaturation conclusions

A

that the chimpanzees are more closely related to humans than gorillas are

33
Q

The first DNA comparison studies between humans and chimpanzees relied on which of the following?

A

The more complementary two strands of DNA are, the higher the melting point.

BIO1022 (13 decks)

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