week 6

Question 1

1. The four main layers of the digestive tract wall are

Answer 1

a. _Mucosa
b. _Submucosa
c. _.Muscularis externa
d. __Serosa Outermost layer – visceral peritoneum

Question 2

2. The built-in (intrinsic) network of nerve cells in the submucosa is the

Answer 2

submucosal/Auerbachs plexus.

Question 3

And that in the muscular layer is called the

Answer 3

Myenteric plexus.

Question 4

3. List the four regions of the stomach:

Answer 4

a. _Cardia
b. _Body
c. _Fundus
d. _Pylorus

Question 5

4. List the three sheet/layers of muscle in the stomach.

Answer 5

a. Longitudinal
b. Circular
c. _Oblique

Question 6

5. List, in order from the pylorus to the colon, the three regions of the small intestine:

Answer 6

1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum

Question 7

6. The microvilli of the small intestine’s epithelial cells form the

Answer 7

brush border.

Question 8

7. The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called

Answer 8

digestion_.

Question 9

8. Another term for swallowing is

Answer 9

deglutation_.

Question 10

9. The dental formula for an adult is 2-1-2-3. What does the 1 stand for?___

Answer 10

Canine___.

Question 11

10. The large intestine absorbs

Answer 11

absorbs water_, _minerals _, and _some vitamins

Question 12

11. List the 6 sphincters of the digestive tract:

Answer 12

1. Upper oesophageal
2. Lower oesophageal/cardiac
3. pyloric
4. ileocaecal
5. external and internal anal sphincters
6. hepatopancreatic sphincter/sphincter of oddi

Question 13

The single digestive function of the liver is to produce

Answer 13

bile__.

Question 14

13. The main digestive enzyme-producing organ in the body is the

Answer 14

pancreas.

Question 15

how many salivary glands

Answer 15

3 pairs

Question 16

salivary glands function

Answer 16

to moisten food in the mouth

Question 17

15. Mumps is an inflammation of the

Answer 17

parotid glands caused by myxovirus.

Question 18

16. Which neurotransmitter stimulates smooth muscle contraction in the digestive tract

Answer 18

Serotonin

Question 19

17. Peristalsis is the

Answer 19

motility of the intestine, thereby moving its contents anal words

Question 20

18. The function of the epiglottis is to prevent a bolus from entering

Answer 20

the larynx and then trachea

Question 21

19. The hormone Gastrin regulates

Answer 21

gastric secretion during the gastric phase of digestion

Question 22

20. The enterogastric reflex describes

Answer 22

the communication between the intestine and the stomach

Question 23

21. The function of the hepatic portal vein is

Answer 23

to gather all absorbed nutrients from the small intestine and transport them to the liver_for metabolic processing or storage.

Question 24

22. Digestion of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver were severely damaged?

and why

Answer 24

Lipids

Only bile salts allow for emulsification of lipids in food so that they are accessible and can be processed by the pancreatic enzyme Lipase__.

Question 25

23. Which hormone causes an increased output of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice and stimulates gallbladder contraction to release bile?

Answer 25

Cholecystokinin.

Question 26

24. Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed?

Answer 26

B12

Question 27

Where is IF produced

Answer 27

Parietal cells – produce hydrochloric acid and IF in stomach

Question 28

25. Sympathetic nervous system stimulation

Answer 28

decreases digestive system secretions and motility

Question 29

26. Of the approximately 9.0 L of fluids contained in the digestive tract daily, only

Answer 29

0.10 to 0.25 L are eliminated with the feces.

Question 30

27. List the three major nutrient classes (a.k.a. macronutrients

Answer 30

Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids

Question 31

28. Which of the following carbohydrates is NOT a disaccharide

Answer 31

starch

Question 32

The breakdown products (monomers) of proteins are

Answer 32

amino acids

Question 33

29. If an incision has to be made in the small intestine to remove an obstruction, the first layer of tissue to be cut is the

Answer 33

serosa/visceral peritoneum

Question 34

30. Pancreatic Lipase is responsible

Answer 34

for the majority of fat digestion.

Question 35

31. List the three major pancreatic proteases

Answer 35

trypsinogen chymotrypsinogen procarboxypeptidase

Question 36

32. Bile salts surround monoglycerides and free fatty acids to form tiny droplets called micelles this enables fats to be processed and dispersed in a water based medium. This is called

Answer 36

_emulsification_

Question 37

Peyers_ patches are found in the

Answer 37

submucosa of the distal end of the small intestine

Question 38

34. The circular folds of the small intestine called

Answer 38

plicae circularis

Question 39

plicae circularis enhances

Answer 39

enhance absorption by causing the chyme to spiral, rather than to move in a straight line, as it passes through the small intestine.

Question 40

Kupfer cells_cells are found in the

Answer 40

liver and are responsible for removing bacteria and worn-out cells.

Question 41

36. The only digestive structure with three muscle layers

Answer 41

Stomach_.

Question 42

37. Name the enzymes produced in the small intestine

Answer 42

``` 1. Intestinal amylases: • Maltase • Sucrase • Lactase 2. Intestinal lipase 3. Intestinal proteases • aminopeptidase ```

Question 43

38. What is the composition and action of Gastric juice

Answer 43

* Pepsinogen(inactive) to Pepsin(active) * Hcl (acidic pH of about 2) * Rennin * Hormone Gastrin which regulates stomach movements