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Human Anatomy Semster 2 > week 6 > Flashcards

week 6 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. The four main layers of the digestive tract wall are
A

a. _Mucosa
b. _Submucosa
c. _.Muscularis externa
d. __Serosa Outermost layer – visceral peritoneum

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2
Q
  1. The built-in (intrinsic) network of nerve cells in the submucosa is the
A

submucosal/Auerbachs plexus.

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3
Q

And that in the muscular layer is called the

A

Myenteric plexus.

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4
Q
  1. List the four regions of the stomach:
A

a. _Cardia
b. _Body
c. _Fundus
d. _Pylorus

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5
Q
  1. List the three sheet/layers of muscle in the stomach.
A

a. Longitudinal
b. Circular
c. _Oblique

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6
Q
  1. List, in order from the pylorus to the colon, the three regions of the small intestine:
A
  1. Duodenum
  2. Jejunum
  3. Ileum
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7
Q
  1. The microvilli of the small intestine’s epithelial cells form the
A

brush border.

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8
Q
  1. The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called
A

digestion_.

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9
Q
  1. Another term for swallowing is
A

deglutation_.

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10
Q
  1. The dental formula for an adult is 2-1-2-3. What does the 1 stand for?___
A

Canine___.

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11
Q
  1. The large intestine absorbs
A

absorbs water_, _minerals _, and _some vitamins

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12
Q
  1. List the 6 sphincters of the digestive tract:
A
  1. Upper oesophageal
  2. Lower oesophageal/cardiac
  3. pyloric
  4. ileocaecal
  5. external and internal anal sphincters
  6. hepatopancreatic sphincter/sphincter of oddi
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13
Q

The single digestive function of the liver is to produce

A

bile__.

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14
Q
  1. The main digestive enzyme-producing organ in the body is the
A

pancreas.

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15
Q

how many salivary glands

A

3 pairs

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16
Q

salivary glands function

A

to moisten food in the mouth

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17
Q
  1. Mumps is an inflammation of the
A

parotid glands caused by myxovirus.

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18
Q
  1. Which neurotransmitter stimulates smooth muscle contraction in the digestive tract
A

Serotonin

19
Q
  1. Peristalsis is the
A

motility of the intestine, thereby moving its contents anal words

20
Q
  1. The function of the epiglottis is to prevent a bolus from entering
A

the larynx and then trachea

21
Q
  1. The hormone Gastrin regulates
A

gastric secretion during the gastric phase of digestion

22
Q
  1. The enterogastric reflex describes
A

the communication between the intestine and the stomach

23
Q
  1. The function of the hepatic portal vein is
A

to gather all absorbed nutrients from the small intestine and transport them to the liver_for metabolic processing or storage.

24
Q
  1. Digestion of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver were severely damaged?

and why

A

Lipids

Only bile salts allow for emulsification of lipids in food so that they are accessible and can be processed by the pancreatic enzyme Lipase__.

25
Q
  1. Which hormone causes an increased output of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice and stimulates gallbladder contraction to release bile?
A

Cholecystokinin.

26
Q
  1. Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed?
A

B12

27
Q

Where is IF produced

A

Parietal cells – produce hydrochloric acid and IF in stomach

28
Q
  1. Sympathetic nervous system stimulation
A

decreases digestive system secretions and motility

29
Q
  1. Of the approximately 9.0 L of fluids contained in the digestive tract daily, only
A

0.10 to 0.25 L are eliminated with the feces.

30
Q
  1. List the three major nutrient classes (a.k.a. macronutrients
A

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids

31
Q
  1. Which of the following carbohydrates is NOT a disaccharide
A

starch

32
Q

The breakdown products (monomers) of proteins are

A

amino acids

33
Q
  1. If an incision has to be made in the small intestine to remove an obstruction, the first layer of tissue to be cut is the
A

serosa/visceral peritoneum

34
Q
  1. Pancreatic Lipase is responsible
A

for the majority of fat digestion.

35
Q
  1. List the three major pancreatic proteases
A

trypsinogen
chymotrypsinogen
procarboxypeptidase

36
Q
  1. Bile salts surround monoglycerides and free fatty acids to form tiny droplets called micelles this enables fats to be processed and dispersed in a water based medium. This is called
A

emulsification

37
Q

Peyers_ patches are found in the

A

submucosa of the distal end of the small intestine

38
Q
  1. The circular folds of the small intestine called
A

plicae circularis

39
Q

plicae circularis enhances

A

enhance absorption by causing the chyme to spiral, rather than to move in a straight line, as it passes through the small intestine.

40
Q

Kupfer cells_cells are found in the

A

liver and are responsible for removing bacteria and worn-out cells.

41
Q
  1. The only digestive structure with three muscle layers
A

Stomach_.

42
Q
  1. Name the enzymes produced in the small intestine
A 
1.		Intestinal amylases:
•	Maltase
•	Sucrase 
•	Lactase
2.	Intestinal lipase
3.	Intestinal proteases
•	aminopeptidase
43
Q
  1. What is the composition and action of Gastric juice
A
  • Pepsinogen(inactive) to Pepsin(active)
  • Hcl (acidic pH of about 2)
  • Rennin
  • Hormone Gastrin which regulates stomach movements

Human Anatomy Semster 2 (7 decks)

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