week 6 Flashcards
- The four main layers of the digestive tract wall are
a. _Mucosa
b. _Submucosa
c. _.Muscularis externa
d. __Serosa Outermost layer – visceral peritoneum
- The built-in (intrinsic) network of nerve cells in the submucosa is the
submucosal/Auerbachs plexus.
And that in the muscular layer is called the
Myenteric plexus.
- List the four regions of the stomach:
a. _Cardia
b. _Body
c. _Fundus
d. _Pylorus
- List the three sheet/layers of muscle in the stomach.
a. Longitudinal
b. Circular
c. _Oblique
- List, in order from the pylorus to the colon, the three regions of the small intestine:
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ileum
- The microvilli of the small intestine’s epithelial cells form the
brush border.
- The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called
digestion_.
- Another term for swallowing is
deglutation_.
- The dental formula for an adult is 2-1-2-3. What does the 1 stand for?___
Canine___.
- The large intestine absorbs
absorbs water_, _minerals _, and _some vitamins
- List the 6 sphincters of the digestive tract:
- Upper oesophageal
- Lower oesophageal/cardiac
- pyloric
- ileocaecal
- external and internal anal sphincters
- hepatopancreatic sphincter/sphincter of oddi
The single digestive function of the liver is to produce
bile__.
- The main digestive enzyme-producing organ in the body is the
pancreas.
how many salivary glands
3 pairs
salivary glands function
to moisten food in the mouth
- Mumps is an inflammation of the
parotid glands caused by myxovirus.
- Which neurotransmitter stimulates smooth muscle contraction in the digestive tract
Serotonin
- Peristalsis is the
motility of the intestine, thereby moving its contents anal words
- The function of the epiglottis is to prevent a bolus from entering
the larynx and then trachea
- The hormone Gastrin regulates
gastric secretion during the gastric phase of digestion
- The enterogastric reflex describes
the communication between the intestine and the stomach
- The function of the hepatic portal vein is
to gather all absorbed nutrients from the small intestine and transport them to the liver_for metabolic processing or storage.
- Digestion of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver were severely damaged?
and why
Lipids
Only bile salts allow for emulsification of lipids in food so that they are accessible and can be processed by the pancreatic enzyme Lipase__.
- Which hormone causes an increased output of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice and stimulates gallbladder contraction to release bile?
Cholecystokinin.
- Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed?
B12
Where is IF produced
Parietal cells – produce hydrochloric acid and IF in stomach
- Sympathetic nervous system stimulation
decreases digestive system secretions and motility
- Of the approximately 9.0 L of fluids contained in the digestive tract daily, only
0.10 to 0.25 L are eliminated with the feces.
- List the three major nutrient classes (a.k.a. macronutrients
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
- Which of the following carbohydrates is NOT a disaccharide
starch
The breakdown products (monomers) of proteins are
amino acids
- If an incision has to be made in the small intestine to remove an obstruction, the first layer of tissue to be cut is the
serosa/visceral peritoneum
- Pancreatic Lipase is responsible
for the majority of fat digestion.
- List the three major pancreatic proteases
trypsinogen
chymotrypsinogen
procarboxypeptidase
- Bile salts surround monoglycerides and free fatty acids to form tiny droplets called micelles this enables fats to be processed and dispersed in a water based medium. This is called
emulsification
Peyers_ patches are found in the
submucosa of the distal end of the small intestine
- The circular folds of the small intestine called
plicae circularis
plicae circularis enhances
enhance absorption by causing the chyme to spiral, rather than to move in a straight line, as it passes through the small intestine.
Kupfer cells_cells are found in the
liver and are responsible for removing bacteria and worn-out cells.
- The only digestive structure with three muscle layers
Stomach_.
- Name the enzymes produced in the small intestine
1. Intestinal amylases: • Maltase • Sucrase • Lactase 2. Intestinal lipase 3. Intestinal proteases • aminopeptidase
- What is the composition and action of Gastric juice
- Pepsinogen(inactive) to Pepsin(active)
- Hcl (acidic pH of about 2)
- Rennin
- Hormone Gastrin which regulates stomach movements
