week 3 Flashcards
- The anterior pituitary is part of the Pituitary-_
hypothalamic_ axis.
Name the six classic hormones
Growth hormone
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)
LH (luteinizing hormone)
Prolactin
function Growth hormone
Growth hormone acts on target cells in the liver, skeletal muscle, bone, and other tissues
Function Thyroid stimulating hormone
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) promotes secretion of the thyroid gland.
function ACTH Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) promotes release of corticosteroid hormones from the adrenal cortex.
function FSH & LH
FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and
e. LH (luteinizing hormone) regulate function of the gonads
function Prolactin
Prolactin stimulates the gonads and promotes milk production in humans.
hormones stored in the posterior pituitary.
- Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH),
- Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone is produced in
Hypothalamus__.
- In negative feedback, the target hormone feeds back to alter the release of the anterior or hypothalamic hormones thus
increasing or decreasing) its own release.
- Suckling of an infant causes milk letdown caused by the secretion of
Oxytocin ____.
- Water soluble hormones such as ??? cannot pass through the cell membrane and enter the cells therefore must bind to their specific receptors located on the cell membrane of the target cells.
State any hormone from the Brain or Pancreas
- What is known as the first messenger?
the protein hormone
give an example of a second
messenger
cAMP___.
- Insulin decreases plasma glucose, amino acids and fatty acids by stimulating the conversion of them to their storage form. Name these storage forms
glucose glycogen
amino acids protein
fatty acids lipids/triglycerides
- Conversion of the basic unit to the storage form is known as
anabolic_ metabolism.
- After a full meal, the high levels of glucose, amino acids and fatty acids in blood lead to
a/an_________________ in insulin secretion.
increase
characterized by a resistance of the target cells to insulin
type 2
- In type 1 diabetes, the lack of insulin leads to
hyperglycemia).
- In a severe diabetic person with increase in filtration of glucose at the kidneys, glucose appears in the
urine, this is known as
glycosuria_.
- The full name of Thyroid hormone T4 is
thyroxine (T4) ___________.
- Glucocorticoids are produced in the
cortex; zona fasciculata____ of the ____adrenal__gland.
Buffalo hump” torso with stria on abdomen are two characteristics of a disorder of the adrenal gland
known as __
Cushings disease_.
- The main function of Cortisol is to convert stores of carbohydrates into __
glucose_.
Three other specific cortisol functions include:
Immunosuppression, Anti-inflammatory & stress relief/response
- In response to stress, the hypothalamus increases the release of CRH, which stimulates release of
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) _ from the anterior pituitary
release of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) _ from the anterior pituitary results in
release of Cortisol, from the adrenal cortex. This hormone prolongs the response to stress provided by the nervous system.
- Besides cortisol, the adrenal cortex releases
aldosterone_,
which promotes salt and water retention, which helps maintain blood volume and blood pressure.
- Adrenaline is synthesized from
adrenal medulla and has a very short life
- An autoimmune problem involving the thyroid gland is called
Graves disease.
- How is the heart involved as an endocrine gland?
The atria of the heart contain specialized cells that secrete atrial natriuretic peptide, resulting in decreased blood volume, blood pressure, and blood sodium concentration..
- Hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex causes a disease called
Addisons disease.
- Pheochromocytoma is a condition in which there is hypersecretion of catecholamines by a tumor in the adrenal medulla. Which of the following symptoms would be present in a patient with this condition?
- sweating
- ↑ BP
- ↑blood glucose
- ↑ HR
