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Human Anatomy Semster 2 > week 3 > Flashcards

week 3 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. The anterior pituitary is part of the Pituitary-_
A

hypothalamic_ axis.

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2
Q

Name the six classic hormones

A

Growth hormone

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)

LH (luteinizing hormone)

Prolactin

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3
Q

function Growth hormone

A

Growth hormone acts on target cells in the liver, skeletal muscle, bone, and other tissues

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4
Q

Function Thyroid stimulating hormone

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) promotes secretion of the thyroid gland.

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5
Q 
function ACTH
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) promotes release of corticosteroid hormones from the adrenal cortex.

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6
Q

function FSH & LH

A

FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and

e. LH (luteinizing hormone) regulate function of the gonads

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7
Q

function Prolactin

A

Prolactin stimulates the gonads and promotes milk production in humans.

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8
Q

hormones stored in the posterior pituitary.

A
  1. Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH),
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9
Q
  1. Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone is produced in
A

Hypothalamus__.

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10
Q
  1. In negative feedback, the target hormone feeds back to alter the release of the anterior or hypothalamic hormones thus
A

increasing or decreasing) its own release.

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11
Q
  1. Suckling of an infant causes milk letdown caused by the secretion of
A

Oxytocin ____.

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12
Q
  1. Water soluble hormones such as ??? cannot pass through the cell membrane and enter the cells therefore must bind to their specific receptors located on the cell membrane of the target cells.
A

State any hormone from the Brain or Pancreas

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13
Q
  1. What is known as the first messenger?
A

the protein hormone

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14
Q

give an example of a second

messenger

A

cAMP___.

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15
Q
  1. Insulin decreases plasma glucose, amino acids and fatty acids by stimulating the conversion of them to their storage form. Name these storage forms
A

glucose  glycogen

amino acids  protein

fatty acids  lipids/triglycerides

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16
Q
  1. Conversion of the basic unit to the storage form is known as
A

anabolic_ metabolism.

17
Q
  1. After a full meal, the high levels of glucose, amino acids and fatty acids in blood lead to

a/an_________________ in insulin secretion.

A

increase

18
Q

characterized by a resistance of the target cells to insulin

A

type 2

19
Q
  1. In type 1 diabetes, the lack of insulin leads to
A

hyperglycemia).

20
Q
  1. In a severe diabetic person with increase in filtration of glucose at the kidneys, glucose appears in the

urine, this is known as

A

glycosuria_.

21
Q
  1. The full name of Thyroid hormone T4 is
A

thyroxine (T4) ___________.

22
Q
  1. Glucocorticoids are produced in the
A

cortex; zona fasciculata____ of the ____adrenal__gland.

23
Q

Buffalo hump” torso with stria on abdomen are two characteristics of a disorder of the adrenal gland

known as __

A

Cushings disease_.

24
Q
  1. The main function of Cortisol is to convert stores of carbohydrates into __
A

glucose_.

25
Q

Three other specific cortisol functions include:

A

Immunosuppression, Anti-inflammatory & stress relief/response

26
Q
  1. In response to stress, the hypothalamus increases the release of CRH, which stimulates release of
A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) _ from the anterior pituitary

27
Q

release of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) _ from the anterior pituitary results in

A

release of Cortisol, from the adrenal cortex. This hormone prolongs the response to stress provided by the nervous system.

28
Q
  1. Besides cortisol, the adrenal cortex releases
A

aldosterone_,

which promotes salt and water retention, which helps maintain blood volume and blood pressure.

29
Q
  1. Adrenaline is synthesized from
A

adrenal medulla and has a very short life

30
Q
  1. An autoimmune problem involving the thyroid gland is called
A

Graves disease.

31
Q
  1. How is the heart involved as an endocrine gland?
A

The atria of the heart contain specialized cells that secrete atrial natriuretic peptide, resulting in decreased blood volume, blood pressure, and blood sodium concentration..

32
Q
  1. Hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex causes a disease called
A

Addisons disease.

33
Q
  1. Pheochromocytoma is a condition in which there is hypersecretion of catecholamines by a tumor in the adrenal medulla. Which of the following symptoms would be present in a patient with this condition?
A
  1. sweating
  2. ↑ BP
  3. ↑blood glucose
  4. ↑ HR

Human Anatomy Semster 2 (7 decks)

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