week 1 Flashcards
how many liters of blood does a human have?
4-6 litres
3 group of cells . found in blood
Erythrocytes, Leucocytes, & Thrombocytes
Name the 5 WBC’s present in blood
Monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes
State the main function for neutrophils (2)
Multilobed nucleus with fine granules
act as phagocytes at active sites if infection
State the main function for Eosinophils
large brick-reed cytoplasmic granules
found in response to allergies and parasitic worms
State the main function for Basophils
Have histamine containing granules
intiate inflammation
The sequence of events that prevents the loss of blood from blood vessels is called
Haemostasis
The presence of inherited antigens on the surfaces of erythrocytes determines the _______ of the person
Blood Group
The most abundant plasma protein is
Albumin
A student has a hemoglobin measurement of 16 g/100 ml blood. Is this normal?
YES
Thrombocytes commonly known as
Platelets
Platelets are
fragments of cells found in blood; they help stop bleeding by forming plugs and releasing chemicals that make blood clot
State the 3 phases of hemostasis?
vascular spasm
platelet plug formation
coagulation
The fluid portion of blood is called
Plasma
The red pigment present in RBCs is called
Haemoglobin
Haemoglobin function is to
bind to oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood
Erythrocytes do not have nuclei and thus have a fixed lifespan of
120 Days
The intrinsic conduction system consists of
autorhythmic cells
autorhythmic cells
initiate and distribute a wave of action potentials/contractions/depolarisations throughout the heart
When can erythroblastosis fetalis not ever happen in the child of an Rh negative mother?
if the father is Rh-
Where and how is iron stored in the body?
Iron is mostly stored in hemoglobin of RBCs.
Additional free ions are bound to protein-iron molecules like ferritin, hemosiderin, and transferrin. Ferritin and hemosiderin molecules are stored in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. Transferrin transports iron in the blood.
characteristics of pernicious anemia
A lack of intrinsic factor, leading to a deficiency of vitamin B12 and large pale cells called macrocytes,
Intravascular clotting disorders include
thromboemboli formation
thromboemboli formation
a clot moving within the circulatory system.
The intrinsic conduction system coordinates heart activity such as
atrial systole is complete before ventricular systole start
The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates
atrial depolarisation
As systemic pressure rises due to atherosclerosis,
more left ventricular/ systolic blood pressure is required to open the aortic valve.
The term for pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the heart that may be caused by the transient spasm of coronary arteries is
myocardial infarction
If the vagal nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be that the heart rate would
decrease by about 25 beats per minute
Which vessel of the heart receives blood during right ventricular systole?
Pulmonary Artery
Valves open in response to
pressure differences on their two sides
Define Cardiac Output (CO).
Cardiac output (CO) Amount of blood pumped by each side of the heart in one minute
CO = (heart rate [HR]) x (stroke volume [SV])
Define Stroke Volume (SV).
Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one contraction
approx 70mls/beat/ventricle
Why do veins have valves?
They have no pressure
contain the lowest pressure
veins
has thick tunica media
artery
smallest of the blood vessels
capillary
largest lumen a blood reservoir
vein
carries blood towards the heart
vein
contain the highest pressure
artery
thin tunica media
vein
carries blood away from heart
artery
has only one tunic (intima)
capillary
site of exchange of nutrients
capillary
Blood flow is generated by the
heart
Blood pressure results when that flow encounters
resistance from the vessel walls
Blood pressure is expressed in
mm of mercury
Blood pressure is written as
Systolic / Diastolic
Pulse pressure (PP) is the difference between
Systolic / Diastolic pressure.
