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Human Anatomy Semster 2 > week 1 > Flashcards

week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

how many liters of blood does a human have?

A

4-6 litres

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2
Q

3 group of cells . found in blood

A

Erythrocytes, Leucocytes, & Thrombocytes

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3
Q

Name the 5 WBC’s present in blood

A

Monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes

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4
Q

State the main function for neutrophils (2)

A

Multilobed nucleus with fine granules

act as phagocytes at active sites if infection

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5
Q

State the main function for Eosinophils

A

large brick-reed cytoplasmic granules

found in response to allergies and parasitic worms

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6
Q

State the main function for Basophils

A

Have histamine containing granules

intiate inflammation

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7
Q

The sequence of events that prevents the loss of blood from blood vessels is called

A

Haemostasis

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8
Q

The presence of inherited antigens on the surfaces of erythrocytes determines the _______ of the person

A

Blood Group

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9
Q

The most abundant plasma protein is

A

Albumin

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10
Q

A student has a hemoglobin measurement of 16 g/100 ml blood. Is this normal?

A

YES

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11
Q

Thrombocytes commonly known as

A

Platelets

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12
Q

Platelets are

A

fragments of cells found in blood; they help stop bleeding by forming plugs and releasing chemicals that make blood clot

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13
Q

State the 3 phases of hemostasis?

A

vascular spasm
platelet plug formation
coagulation

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14
Q

The fluid portion of blood is called

A

Plasma

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15
Q

The red pigment present in RBCs is called

A

Haemoglobin

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16
Q

Haemoglobin function is to

A

bind to oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood

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17
Q

Erythrocytes do not have nuclei and thus have a fixed lifespan of

A

120 Days

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18
Q

The intrinsic conduction system consists of

A

autorhythmic cells

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19
Q

autorhythmic cells

A

initiate and distribute a wave of action potentials/contractions/depolarisations throughout the heart

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20
Q

When can erythroblastosis fetalis not ever happen in the child of an Rh negative mother?

A

if the father is Rh-

21
Q

Where and how is iron stored in the body?

A

Iron is mostly stored in hemoglobin of RBCs.
Additional free ions are bound to protein-iron molecules like ferritin, hemosiderin, and transferrin. Ferritin and hemosiderin molecules are stored in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. Transferrin transports iron in the blood.

22
Q

characteristics of pernicious anemia

A

A lack of intrinsic factor, leading to a deficiency of vitamin B12 and large pale cells called macrocytes,

23
Q

Intravascular clotting disorders include

A

thromboemboli formation

24
Q

thromboemboli formation

A

a clot moving within the circulatory system.

25
Q

The intrinsic conduction system coordinates heart activity such as

A

atrial systole is complete before ventricular systole start

26
Q

The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates

A

atrial depolarisation

27
Q

As systemic pressure rises due to atherosclerosis,

A

more left ventricular/ systolic blood pressure is required to open the aortic valve.

28
Q

The term for pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the heart that may be caused by the transient spasm of coronary arteries is

A

myocardial infarction

29
Q

If the vagal nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be that the heart rate would

A

decrease by about 25 beats per minute

30
Q

Which vessel of the heart receives blood during right ventricular systole?

A

Pulmonary Artery

31
Q

Valves open in response to

A

pressure differences on their two sides

32
Q

Define Cardiac Output (CO).

A 
Cardiac output (CO)
Amount of blood pumped by each side of the heart in one minute

CO = (heart rate [HR]) x (stroke volume [SV])

33
Q

Define Stroke Volume (SV).

A

Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one contraction

approx 70mls/beat/ventricle

34
Q

Why do veins have valves?

A

They have no pressure

35
Q

contain the lowest pressure

A

veins

36
Q

has thick tunica media

A

artery

37
Q

smallest of the blood vessels

A

capillary

38
Q

largest lumen a blood reservoir

A

vein

39
Q

carries blood towards the heart

A

vein

40
Q

contain the highest pressure

A

artery

41
Q

thin tunica media

A

vein

42
Q

carries blood away from heart

A

artery

43
Q

has only one tunic (intima)

A

capillary

44
Q

site of exchange of nutrients

A

capillary

45
Q

Blood flow is generated by the

A

heart

46
Q

Blood pressure results when that flow encounters

A

resistance from the vessel walls

47
Q

Blood pressure is expressed in

A

mm of mercury

48
Q

Blood pressure is written as

A

Systolic / Diastolic

49
Q

Pulse pressure (PP) is the difference between

A

Systolic / Diastolic pressure.

Human Anatomy Semster 2 (7 decks)

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