Week 6 Flashcards
describe how crystalised and fluid intelligence change with age
cystalised (verbal, reading) are stable while fluid (nonverbal, problem solving and abstract) declines from about 23 yrs.
destinguish between cross sectional and longituduinal studies on age and IQ
cross sectional = drop iq. longitudinal = gradual increase and decrease.
what is the downside of cross sectional designs of age and IQ
become confounded with changed in culture and age.
over esitmate declines in IQ prior to 60
what is the downside of longitudinal designs of age and IQ
practice effect inflates IQ
- older people dont show as much as young.
- different domains have different practive effects
selective attition = certain groups more inclined to stay in study
what is best cross sectional or longitudinal ?
none, cross sequentoal design is best. comparison of age as cohort ages.
what did the cross sequential design reveal about IQ and age?
vocab is most stable while perceptual speed declines the most.
Large cohort/generational differenes.
earlier generations = stronger number word fluency
later = vebral meaning, spatial orientation, inductive reasoning
what is the flynn effect
what are 3 possible reasons?
general trend of increasing IQ with passing time (3pts per decade).
describe participant characterisitcs as a explanation for the flynn effect
there are rising levels of education, and oppertunity for education differs amoung groups. poeple are also more familiar with IQ tests,
describe methodological explanations for the flynn effect
chnages in measures from on sampling period to the other, chnages in motivation effort ect. changes un stimulating enviroments
describe methodological explanations for the flynn effect
improved nutrition, less infectious disease, heterosis (across world breeding)
how do you accomodate the flynn effect?
re norm and standardise every 10 years.
are males of females smarter
nonverbal better in males…
memory, reading vocab better in females. both genderw decline early on oppersite abilities
Are there cultural differences in IQ?
yes but may not be a factor of IQ. test are skewed toward English-speaking, middle-class populations. thus... Nonverbal tests are best to over come cultural barriers
what is a cultural bias in citerion validity (predicitve)?
Does the test provide a valid prediction of ALL individual’s future performance?
what is a cultural bias in citerion validity?
Does the test measure what it is supposed to measure for different groups fairly and equally?
what is a cultural Bias in construct-validity?
Does the test result provide meaningful insight into current theory for ALL cultures equally?
what is a Stereotype threat
self confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype –telling only women before a math test that females generally score lower, generally causes them to do worse.
What is Intellectual giftedness
IQ over 130
- Gifted between 130-145 (98th percentile)
- Highly gifted above 145 (99th percentile)
What are Learning disabilities
These are not deficits in general intelligence.
They are deficits in specific abilities such as speech, language, or reading
Learning disabilities vs intellectual disabilities
- While are learning disability is the impairment of a specific cognitive domain, intellectual disabilities are deficits in all these areas thus impacting overall intelligence. The overall ‘g’
What are intellectual disability.
significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills – how well can you understand and communicate, being able to follow rules of society, ability to eat clean self.
what are conceptual, social and practical skills for Intelligence
conceptual - receptive/expressive langauge, reading writing, money concepts self direction
social = self esteem, gulliblility, following rules/laws social norms.
Practical = eating. dressing. housekeeping, toileting.
how is an intellectual disability diagnosed?
must have deficits in conceptual, social and pratical abilities, in line with norms for age, sex, culture and other factors. before 18 years.
how is intellectual disability (ID) caused?
by any condition that impairs development of the brain before birth or in childhood years. e.g. - Down syndrome or - Foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
discuss ID in the criminal justice system
over-represented due to - Heightened desire to appease authority (- Easily led, exaggerated willingness to talk).
Poor comprehension of causality –> many dont undertsand what they say is used against them.
what are the implication of the flynn effect of ID
As IQ norms age, students receiving educational assistance decrease, when newly normed IQ test used numbers receiving educational assistance increase - cost waxes and wanes with
how is the flynn effect implicated in the death penalty and IQ
depending on when the test you take is normed may or may not meet criteria to be innocent bc unwell.
what is the ceiling effect
sensitivity to individual scores is not as accurate as scores fall in the average realm of the bell shape.
what is the Multiple intelligence effect
strong across the boared and giften in one area wont be captured (music, art, dancing).
are giften people also special needs?
develop Asynchronously: age ahead of the peers, find it hard to related to peers of make friends.
may appear disabled because the can be intense and then be stigmatised.
interpersonal skills decrease anxiety ect increase w agew. emotional IQ become predictor of perfomance thus they need an intervention.
