Week 6

Question 1

describe how crystalised and fluid intelligence change with age

Answer 1

cystalised (verbal, reading) are stable while fluid (nonverbal, problem solving and abstract) declines from about 23 yrs.

Question 2

destinguish between cross sectional and longituduinal studies on age and IQ

Answer 2

cross sectional = drop iq. longitudinal = gradual increase and decrease.

Question 3

what is the downside of cross sectional designs of age and IQ

Answer 3

become confounded with changed in culture and age.

over esitmate declines in IQ prior to 60

Question 4

what is the downside of longitudinal designs of age and IQ

Answer 4

practice effect inflates IQ
- older people dont show as much as young.
- different domains have different practive effects
selective attition = certain groups more inclined to stay in study

Question 5

what is best cross sectional or longitudinal ?

Answer 5

none, cross sequentoal design is best. comparison of age as cohort ages.

Question 6

what did the cross sequential design reveal about IQ and age?

Answer 6

vocab is most stable while perceptual speed declines the most.

Large cohort/generational differenes.
earlier generations = stronger number word fluency
later = vebral meaning, spatial orientation, inductive reasoning

Question 7

what is the flynn effect

what are 3 possible reasons?

Answer 7

general trend of increasing IQ with passing time (3pts per decade).

Question 8

describe participant characterisitcs as a explanation for the flynn effect

Answer 8

there are rising levels of education, and oppertunity for education differs amoung groups. poeple are also more familiar with IQ tests,

Question 9

describe methodological explanations for the flynn effect

Answer 9

chnages in measures from on sampling period to the other, chnages in motivation effort ect. changes un stimulating enviroments

Question 10

describe methodological explanations for the flynn effect

Answer 10

improved nutrition, less infectious disease, heterosis (across world breeding)

Question 11

how do you accomodate the flynn effect?

Answer 11

re norm and standardise every 10 years.

Question 12

are males of females smarter

Answer 12

nonverbal better in males…

memory, reading vocab better in females. both genderw decline early on oppersite abilities

Question 13

Are there cultural differences in IQ?

Answer 13

yes but may not be a factor of IQ. test are skewed toward English-speaking, middle-class populations.
thus... Nonverbal tests are best to over come cultural barriers

Question 14

what is a cultural bias in citerion validity (predicitve)?

Answer 14

Does the test provide a valid prediction of ALL individual’s future performance?

Question 15

what is a cultural bias in citerion validity?

Answer 15

Does the test measure what it is supposed to measure for different groups fairly and equally?

Question 16

what is a cultural Bias in construct-validity?

Answer 16

Does the test result provide meaningful insight into current theory for ALL cultures equally?

Question 17

what is a Stereotype threat

Answer 17

self confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype –telling only women before a math test that females generally score lower, generally causes them to do worse.

Question 18

What is Intellectual giftedness

Answer 18

IQ over 130

• Gifted between 130-145 (98th percentile)
• Highly gifted above 145 (99th percentile)

Question 19

What are Learning disabilities

Answer 19

These are not deficits in general intelligence.

They are deficits in specific abilities such as speech, language, or reading

Question 20

Learning disabilities vs intellectual disabilities

Answer 20

• While are learning disability is the impairment of a specific cognitive domain, intellectual disabilities are deficits in all these areas thus impacting overall intelligence. The overall ‘g’

Question 21

What are intellectual disability.

Answer 21

significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills – how well can you understand and communicate, being able to follow rules of society, ability to eat clean self.

Question 22

what are conceptual, social and practical skills for Intelligence

Answer 22

conceptual - receptive/expressive langauge, reading writing, money concepts self direction

social = self esteem, gulliblility, following rules/laws social norms.

Practical = eating. dressing. housekeeping, toileting.

Question 23

how is an intellectual disability diagnosed?

Answer 23

must have deficits in conceptual, social and pratical abilities, in line with norms for age, sex, culture and other factors. before 18 years.

Question 24

how is intellectual disability (ID) caused?

Answer 24

by any condition that impairs development of the brain before birth or in childhood years. e.g. - Down syndrome or - Foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

Question 25

discuss ID in the criminal justice system

Answer 25

over-represented due to - Heightened desire to appease authority (- Easily led, exaggerated willingness to talk).
Poor comprehension of causality –> many dont undertsand what they say is used against them.

Question 26

what are the implication of the flynn effect of ID

Answer 26

As IQ norms age, students receiving educational assistance decrease, when newly normed IQ test used numbers receiving educational assistance increase - cost waxes and wanes with

Question 27

how is the flynn effect implicated in the death penalty and IQ

Answer 27

depending on when the test you take is normed may or may not meet criteria to be innocent bc unwell.

Question 28

what is the ceiling effect

Answer 28

sensitivity to individual scores is not as accurate as scores fall in the average realm of the bell shape.

Question 29

what is the Multiple intelligence effect

Answer 29

strong across the boared and giften in one area wont be captured (music, art, dancing).

Question 30

are giften people also special needs?

Answer 30

develop Asynchronously: age ahead of the peers, find it hard to related to peers of make friends.
may appear disabled because the can be intense and then be stigmatised.
interpersonal skills decrease anxiety ect increase w agew. emotional IQ become predictor of perfomance thus they need an intervention.