Week 6

Question 1

What are the characeristics of a muscle?

Answer 1

Epimysium, bundles of fascicles surrounded by perimysium, bundles of muscle fibres surrounded by endomysium and bundles of myofibrils surrounded by sarcolemma

Question 2

What are the characteristics that make a tendon?

Answer 2

Epitenon, bundles of tertiary fibres, fascicles (secondary fibres), primary collagen fibre bundles (subfascicles), bundles of collagen fibres and collagen fibrils

Question 3

What is the structure of the tendon?

Answer 3

Tightly packed collagen tissue that is designed to withstand large amounts of force. Acts somewhat like a spring to store elastic energy which can be transferred to kinetic energy output for movement.

Question 4

What are common pathologies?

Answer 4

Ruptures, avulsions, tendinopathy and tenosynovitis

Question 5

Does a rupture make the collagen % within the tendon higher or lower?

Answer 5

Higher

Question 6

What does a higher % of collagen in a tendon do to the strength of the tendon?

Answer 6

Makes it less resistant to tensile forces therefore increased chance of rupture

Question 7

What is a partial avulsion fracture?

Answer 7

It is where bone comes off with tendon

Question 8

What is a full avulsion fracture?

Answer 8

Where the tendon completely comes away from bone

Question 9

What is a tendiopathy?

Answer 9

An umbrella term that indicates a non rupture injury in a tendon or para tendon hat is exacerbated by mechanical loading

Question 10

What is tendinitis?

Answer 10

Inflammation/scarring on tendon

Question 11

What is tendinosis?

Answer 11

degeneration

Question 12

What happens in a stage 1: reactive tendinopathy?

Answer 12

Non infammatory response due to overloading, more proteins produced giving short term thickening of tendon to reduce stress, common in younger athletes

Question 13

What happens in a stage 2: tendon disrepair?

Answer 13

Worsening tendon pathology- collagen matrix becomes disorgansed, swelling will occur and increased vascularisation and nerves to area

Question 14

What happens in a stage 3: degenerative tendinopathy?

Answer 14

end stage tendon overuse, large areas of matrix disordered, specific tendon pain/swelling/thickening/nodules, increased likelihood of rupturing

Question 15

What is the clinical presentation of a overuse tendinopathy?

Answer 15

pain after exercise, pain first thing in the morning, pain free at rest, local tenderness/thickening, swelling and crepitus present

Question 16

What is tendonsynovitis?

Answer 16

Swelling and irritation of the synovial sheath that wraps around tendon, often happens as the tendon passes under the reticulum, result of overuse/compression

Question 17

In a tendon assessment, what wold the ROM be like?

Answer 17

Stiffness through range

Question 18

What would the pain be like during a tendon assessment if tendon injury present?

Answer 18

Localised, pain on increased loading and pain/stiffness first thing in morning

Question 19

What are the other factors to look for when assessing for a tendon injury?

Answer 19

Loss of strength, heat, tenderness, swelling discolouration and listen for crunchiness