week 6/7: Understanding Canada's Health Care System and Approaches to Health, Illness, and Wellness Flashcards
What was the role of nurses in the early 20th century?
role was focused on at home care
what was the role of hospitals in the early 20th century?
hospitals in the early 20th century were mainly used by the lower class
what were the 3 criteria for hospital admission in the early 1900’s?
- advanced stage of tuberculosis
- poor
- relative had to consent to an autopsy
what century did the hospital use the fee-for-service model?
early 1900’s
describe the hospital fee-for-service model used in the early 1900’s?
paying customers did not have to promise to give bodies for science
How was health and medicare affected post WW2?
-health care was largely institution based
-it focused on hospitals and position services
-beginning of medicare
when was canada’s first public hospital insurance plan developed?
1947
when was canadas health act or medicare implimented?
1984
what is medicare?
it was designed to ensure all residents have reasonable access to medically necessary hospital and physician services, on a prepaid basis
what are the principals of the canada health act of 1984?
-public administration
-comprehensiveness
-universality
-portability
-accessibility
Describe Public administration in regards to the health act of 1984
an example of public administration would be that provincial and territorial places operate via a public authority on a non-profit basis
describe comprehensiveness in regards to the health act of 1984
the health act demonstrates comprehensiveness by covering all medically necessary services (hospital and physician) are covered
describe universality in regards to the health act of 1984
the health act demonstrates universality by providing care free of discrimination based on race, income, gender, religion, or ethnicity
describe portability in regards to the health act of 1984
the health act demonstrates portability by providing access to healthcare in other provinces and territories without cost or penalty
what are the 3 levels of organization and governance of health care?
-federal jurisdiction (limited in public policies)
-provincial and territorial jurisdiction (licensing body, CNA, CNO, etc)
-professional jurisdiction
what are the 4 pillars of primary health care?
-teams
-healthy living
-access
-information
what are the 5 levels of care?
-Level 1: health promotion
-Level 2: disease and injury prevention
-Level 3: diagnosis and treatment
-Level 4: rehabilitation
-Level 5: supportive care
who is considered the “client”?
-individual
-family
-community
why are families important to nursing?
families needs and contributions are increasingly important to the health of Canadians
-families are a support system
-families are caregivers
what is the family system in nursing?
-family as a client
-you focus on the entire family: it’s processes and relationships
-family can be the client at many moments during care
What is the family-centered approach?
-the family-nurse relationship is essential
-2 approaches
~individual within the context of the family
~the family with the individual as context
-provides valuable info when client can’t
-how family members maintain health and manage health problems
what are the 3 approaches to health?
-biomedical approach
-behavioural approach
-socioenvironmental approach
what is the biomedical approach to health
?
-dominant perspective for many years
-definition of “health” is the absence of disease
-focus is treatment of disease
what is the behavioural approach?
this approach views health as the product of making healthy lifestyle choices
what is the socioenvironmental approach?
this approach views health as the product of both individual and social, economic and environmental determinants that provide incentives and barriers to the health of individuals and communities
what are the primary health care levels of prevention?
- primary prevention
- secondary prevention
- tertiary prevention
what is primary prevention?
it reduces the impact of existing risk factors for a potential problem and thus reduces the occurrence of disease
what is secondary prevention?
it provides screening, detection, and early treatment
what is tertiary prevention?
it reduces the impact of long-term disease and disability
what are the 5 health promotion strategies?
- build healthy public policy
- create supportive environments
- strengthen community action
- develop personal skills
- reorient health care
strengths-based nursing care is about…
-understanding individuals as unique, holistic organisms
-finding strengths, recognizing they coexist with weaknesses and striking a balance between the 2
-understanding how strengths and weaknesses interact to promote health, recovery and healing
what are the 4 key approaches to re-orient health care service delivery?
- patient/person/family/relationship- centered care
- the patient/person empowerment movement
- health promotion, illness prevention, and self-care
- collaborative partnership care
what are the 8 domains of well-being?
- community vitality
- democratic engagement
- education
- environment
- healthy population
- leisure and culture
- living standards
- time use
what are examples of education in the domains of well-being?
-available childcare spaces
-student-to-teacher ratio
-youth basic knowledge/skills index
-high school completion rates
-population with university degree
what are examples of environment in the domains of well-being?
-freshwater supply
-ground level ozone
-greenhouse gas emissions
-primary energy production
-ecological footprint
-reserves of viable metals
what are examples of living standards in the domains of well-being?
-housing affordability
-gap between lowest/highest income group
-persons in low income
-long-term unemployment rate
-employed labour force
what are examples of time use in the domains of well-being?
-children read to daily by parents
-people working more than 50 hours/week
-seniors volunteering/participating in daily active leisure
-commute time/workers with flexible work hours
