Week 6 & 7 Mandy's Notes Flashcards
Describe the reciprocal nature of interviewing
Interviewer and interviewee influence each other
»Through normal social influence/social facilitation
processes
»Interviewer sets the tone
»Verbal and non-verbal communication are both important
Describe the characteristics of interviewer attitude that are important when interviewing
Attitudes related to good interviewing skills: »Warmth »Genuineness »Acceptance »Understanding »Openness »Honesty »Fairness »Involvement »Commitment
Identify key components of non-verbal behaviour
Note specific non-verbal behaviours
And then …
»Possible interpretations of what you notice
Identify examples of non-verbal behaviour through observation, and consider possible interpretations of observed non-verbal behaviour.
Three categories of non-verbal behaviour
(Cormier, Nurius, & Osborn, 2013, p. 117)
»Kinesics or “body motion”
- gestures, body movements, touch, facial expressions, and eye behaviour (including eye contact)
»Paralinguistics or “vocal cues”
- volume, intonation, silent pauses, speech errors (Sattler refers to vocal behaviours as well)
»Proxemics or “use of personal space”
- personal distance, seating arrangements, touch
Not discrete categories, Compare these categories to Sattler’s categories such as posture, squinting etc.
We think deliberately, hypothesize these things first, so we know what’s appropriate.
Identify key listening responses
Chinese symbol for listening includes ears, eyes, heart and undivided attention
Referred to by Kaplan & Sacuzzo( 2018, p. 212)
“responses to keep the interaction flowing”
»Encouragers
»Clarification
»Reflection of content
»Reflection of feeling (responding to feelings)
»Summarising
Three steps of listening
- contemplative listening (recieving message, covert)
- reflective listening (processing message, covert)
- reflective listening (sending messages, overt)
Encouragers
Also referred to as “Intentional listening”, “Fully attending”. eg nodding audience in presentation
Includes:
»Non-verbal minimal responses,
e.g., nod head, positive facial expressions
»Verbal minimal responses,
e.g., “uh-huh”, “I hear what you’re saying”
»Brief invitations to continue (“transitional phrase”),
e.g., “tell me more
Encouragers tend to be minimal and quite general compared to the others.
Clarification
To confirm the accuracy of your perceptions about a message
»When you’re unsure about whether you understand
»Can be a statement or a question
Examples:
»“And having time to yourself is important to you”
(K&;S, 2018, p. 213)
»“Could you describe what you mean by ‘getting away
from it all’?”
Reflection of Content
Paraphrasing content of the message to demonstrate
that you are listening
»Paying attention to the message and then stating the
message in your own words
»Tells interviewee that you are listening and have understood
»If you are incorrect in your understanding, interviewee can is likely to let you know
»Can encourage elaboration
»Can assist with focusing interviewee on a particular aspect of the interview
Reflection of Feeling
Also referred to as “responding to feelings”
»Part of “empathy and understanding” referred to by Kaplan & Saccuzzo(2018)
»To help the client feel understood
Also: in therapeutic contexts
»To encourage expression of feelings
»To help client become aware of feelings
»To help client acknowledge and manage feelings
»To help client discriminate among feelings
Reflection statements
It seems that It appears as though From my perspective As I see it I see what you mean It looks like Sounds like As I hear it What you're saying is I hear you saying Something tells you You're telling me that You feel From my standpoint I sense that I have a feeling that
Summarising
Bringing together a number of statements » Extracting meaning » Identifying a common theme » To slow the pace » To review progress
Can include content and feeling, and the other lower order levels
Closed questions
» Can be answered with a Yes/No (or other very brief response)
» Useful when you want a very specific response
» Useful for focusing conversation
» “Were you employed prior to this position?”
» “Have you had experience with data entry?”
Open questions
Can’t be easily answered with a Yes/No (or other very brief response)
» Encourage open, elaborate responses
» Usually leads to deeper exploration
Examples:
» “Could you tell me what brings you here today?”
» “Can you tell me about your previous work roles?”
» “What strengths can you bring to this position?”
Developing Interview Skills
see Kaplan & Sacuzzo, 2018, p. 218
- Understand principles
- Learn skills in supervised practice
- Make a conscious effort to apply the principles
Then, like with any new skill… - With persistent, conscious effort, responses become habitual
Experienced interviewers automatically attend to the person’s appearance, nonverbal communications, emotional tone, and so on because they are trained to.
