Week 4 Flashcards
Define culture
Basically diversity itself. e.g. SO, SES, age, gender etc.
… a term that applies to any group of people where
there are common values and ways of thinking and acting that differ from those of another group” (Srivatava, 2007, p. 15)
Culture is shaped by the values, beliefs, norms, and practises held in common by members of a cultural group. It guides a person’s thinking, acting, and being and becomes a patterned expression for that person”
Define and cultural competence.
Cultural competence can be described as having enough KNOWLEDGE of cultural groups that are different from your own to be able to interact with a member of a group in a manner that makes the person feel RESPECTED and understood” (Harkreader& Hogan, 2007, p. 47)
The concept of cultural competence includes RESPECT, as well as KNOWLEDGE and skills and the ability to use them effectively in cross-cultural situations”
Knowledge Is Not Enough
If knowledge is not enough to be culturally competent, what do we also need?
»An attitude that APPRECTIATES differences so can see
strengths of a client/patient whose values, belief and
behaviours differ from our own
»To REFLECT on, and understand your own VALUES
»To RECOGNISE when you don’t have knowledge or skills
»To SEEK information/skill DEVELOPMENT
What is the best thing to emphasis with cultural competence?
Emphasis is on EFFECTIVELY operating in different cultural contexts.
»Competency goes BEYOND awareness or sensitivity
»A PROCESS rather than an outcome?
»Self-exploration and REFLECTION are key (avoid biases)
»Current discussions highlight the importance of POLICIES in addition to behaviours and attitudes (e.g., Bainbrige, McCalman, Clifford &Tsey, 2015
Why do we need cultural competence?
Multicultural nature of Australian society
»Acknowledgement of disparities in health care
»especially Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
»“Cultural competence is one of the main ingredients
in closing the health disparities gap…” (Andrews, 2012, p. 18)
We need to be good so patients provide us with info we need and come back to health professionals
What is the key thing to note regarding variation in diverse groups?
More variation among individuals within a culture than there is variation between cultures,
»e.g., individualism-collectivism in two cultures.
APS Guidelines on culture (6) what the guidelines say
Code a.1.1 don’t discriminate
a.1.2 demonstrate an understanding of the consequences for people of unfair discrimination
- 1 Be aware of limitations of English language assessment tools
- Be aware some may not know about consent and confidentiality, if in doubt, supervision
- 3 be mindful of cultural bias towards immigrants, refugees, and how their experiences might affect their responses
- 4 adapt assessment tools and the whole process for their capabilities
APS what mandy summarises
APA Guidelines: Diverse Populations
Psychologists:
» Acknowledge that ethnicity and culture impacts on behaviour and take those factors into account
» Seek out training to enhance their understanding to address the needs of diverse populations
» Recognise the limits of their competencies and expertise –seek consultation/make referrals where appropriate
Consider the validity of instruments/procedures and interpret data accordingly
» Are aware of how culture impacts psychological processes in themselves and others
» Incorporate this understanding into their practice
» Consider impact of culture on differential diagnosis issues
Some Explanations for Cultural Differences in Mental Health (5)
- Social isolation vs. social support
2 Differential access to health-care system and services
3 Socioeconomic factors
4 Stressors/trauma in country of origin
5 Acculturation difficulties resulting in greater stress, leading to reduced resistance to illness
Reading patient care ATSI guidline queensland health
Initial contact- BUilding rapport
Language
Doctor knows best view
Feeling shame/embarrasment
long gaps of silence
Lack of eye contact
Identification
communication tips
