Week 6 Flashcards
Xomposer counterpoint Dilemnnna
Independant lines, that are sonorour, caring what is happening in all voices.
Musical Preliminary Defintions
Polyphony: Several independant voices texture
Counterpoint: multiple parts developed. xompoaiition technique liek fugue.
Auditory Scene analysis (Asa)
Process by whcih our auditory system parses income sonic waveform, by extracting tis spectral components and by segregating or integrating these ocmponents according tocriteria.
How do these principles apply to perception. COunterpoint
Harmonic and horizonatl melodic dimesnions
Polyphonic music, listneres segregate sounds into perceptual streams.
Rule governing contrapuntal practice eveloved likely due to priniples of “primmitve auditory organization” Wright Bregman 198)7
Voice Leading?
refers to goals that govern the behaviour of individyal boices
goals of voice leading
create roles for two or more perceptually distinguished parts
1. clear auditory stream integration within each part.
2. promote audiorty stream segregation between the parts.
hmm like social psychology stats, tratis/???
Huron (2001)
6 principles
Voice leading rules from perceptual things
Toneness, temporal continutioy, masking, tonal fusion, pitch proximity pitch co-modualtion
Rule of registeral compass
keep voice within a region, instaff.
a) clear auditory stream integration within each part
1. Toneness principles: unambiguous pitch clear auditory images.
Concurrent grouping principle, harmonicity. map equal speacing detect pitch. short band.
How do we create events with strong toneness?
below 5khz and above 60Hz, must be in ideal range
Pitch weight?
Pitch clarity, Average pitch of instrumental music.
D#4 above below become worse and worse at identifying.
80-800hz we hear pitch really well.
Temporal COntinuity
integration into one part for meldoy.
- temporal continuity
best way maximaze duartion of sound, minimize overlap best evoked continuous recurring sounds for clear auditory strems.
In musical practice, this principle is followed by?
Designing instruments to maximize duration of prodced sound
avoiding rests
Rule of chord spacing
No more than octave between soprano and alto.
clear auditoyr segregation between the parts
- Minimum masking principle
To minimize auditory masking within some vertical sonority, approx equivalent amount of spectral energy should fall within each critical band.
the width “frequency range “ of the critical and descreases with increasing frequency.
Want to aboid having notes in same critical band, low notes have large critical band, higher are smaller.
we can segreagte diferent notes into different parts,
Avoiding unisons
b, clear auditory stream segregation
- Tonal Fusion principle
the perceptual indipendance of concurrent tones is weakend when the pitch relations promote tonal fusion. Unisons, octaves and fifths are the culprits
Neat diagrams showing overtones.
Its all about log.
things are not equally spaced, suished in higher parts, even on membrane. Chord spacing too.
Bach diagram , music, vs participants
composers write intervals, avoicding sensory dissonance,
composers avoid tonal fusion, including octave,
especially like thirds and sixths
Pitch proximity
preserve common tone, nearest chordal tone, ocnjunct motion, aoid leaps, avoid part-crossing
avoid part overlap
Pitch proximity
clear integration and clear segreagtion
Coherence of an auditory strem is mainted by ckise outcg orixunust ub syccessuve tones within the stream
if tempo slow, diagram shows, we are in a grey area, choose to segreagte or integrate.
baseline, small frequency sepeartaion means we always integreate.
Huron rpoof pitch proximity, interval size
proximal pitch
then duration
Maximiaum occuracne is two semitones, Proximal pitches strem integration.
IN music pitch proximity
favour common tones
favour conjunt motion
avoid large leaps or use longer durations for notes
aoicd voice crossing
rules for perfect intervals segregation pitch comodualtion prinicples percptual union of the concurrant tones is encouraged when pitch motins are positively correlated, particuarly when the correlations is precise. Tonal fusion increased when
two tones are modulated by a coreelated changes in log freq parallel motion,
perfect consonnances
the tones are moving in the same direction
make sure one voice moves by step if using a perfect interval.
Huron’s auxiliary principles
Onset synchrony
Limited denstiy
lets us distinguish between differences or musical textures
ONset sycnhrony
Part high degree indepenance, mean synchronous events shoudl be avoided.
Ex. looked at the phase, dip at onset synchrony when events are occuring
but style dependant
Chorale synchronous, fugues asynchronous
diagram looks at octaves or fifths probably at ends of phrases synchronous events probably occurin fugues. suspenison leads to asynchronous.
limited desnity principle
1-3 voices listeners good at identiying, beyond this, not so much.
in practise, favours 2-4 strems, fifth part often left out, even one part has what sounds like 3 streams.
