Week 8 Flashcards
Limits of sequence perception
When sound events are too far apart in time, more than about 1.5 s, no relation
between them is perceived and they are perceptually isolated as a single event.
When the onsets of two sounds are separated by less than 40-50 ms, a single fused
event is heard, and although a sense of multiple events occurs between about 40 msand 100 ms IOIs, the order of the events cannot be perceived, so they still sound like a single unit. Between about 100 ms and 1500 ms there are three zones of rhythmic processing.
Slow
Intermediate 300-800)
Optimal sequence processing
Music places time at the forefront and is unique to music in its importance in hierarchical ease of memory
The temporal continuum
Infra pitch, sequence perception, as it’s gets smaller and smaller move to pitch domain
IOI = Inter-Onset Interval, the time between the onsets of two “events”. IOIs or
periodicities in different ranges give rise to different perceptual effects ranging fromlocalization through pitch perception, roughness and beats perception and the
perception of temporal sequences to large-scale temporal organization such as
phrases and sections of a piece of music. In this lecture, we will focus on sequence
perception.
[Audio example with Karlheinz Stockhausen: 4 : 5 : 6 polyrhythm becomes a major
triad when accelerated 40x, a transposition of 5 octaves]
Problem of temporal coding
No sensory organ for time
Models of temporal behaviour
Internal clock, info processing model, (reference to other things, order not ratio)
We use relative duration, this is the new model.
Single tones
Info stored
Duration of the event, onset,
Offset do not have much of an effect,
Don’t encode absolute time, more relative, longer shorter, earlier later.
Order of events no good below 100 msec, even the we can detect asynchrony at around 50 msec
Tone sequences
Coding temporal characteristics
Multiple look model
Keep storing it constantly and comparisons made.
Comparisons lead to be id, hear more clicks one off better at telling it is off.
The temporal distance between two successive events seems to be computed on the basis of the time between the perceived onsets of the events (the IOI, d in the figure)rather than between the offset of one event and the onset of the next event (c in the figure). And tempo perception, or the perception of the rate of occurrence of events, depends on IOI.
The alternation of tones with a sharp attack and more gradual attack with physicalIOIs that are identical, creates the perception of a long-short-long-short rhythm
because the perceptual IOIs depend on the perceptual attack point (or P-center).
Sloping effects the centre.
Terms and concepts
Duration, psychological correlate of time
Rhythm ,patterns of durations and accents
Beat/pulse/Tacitus
I synchronous, duration between sounds, equal,
Tempo
Rate beats occur, bpm
Metro
Grouping of beats into patterns strong and week beats
Perception of tactus
Apparently not unique to humans,
Starts young,
There are ppl who cannot synchrize to pulse, but rare.
Most people prefer 600 ms
Motor entrainment, good amount of time, 100bpm
Sears prof research
BEat salience, tolerance window increases as ioi increases,
Reaction time,
Perception of rhythm
Important finding
Simple rhythmic patterns, binary rela, predominates.
Regular than irregular,
Povel study shows we tend to favor 2:1 so we will shift things, especial higher rations
Findings, try to find regular patters, subdivide,
Handel study shows polyrhythms as we speed up default to 100bpm tactus
Subjtive accents
Intensity, durations, silence,
How discrimaintng it can be.
Perception of rhythm and meter.
Povel
Metric hierarchy results from grouping.
