Lecture 8 Flashcards
Sequential grouping
Spectral Intensity Spatial CONTINUITY. Any discontinuity and we may hear a seperate stream.
Concurrent grouping
Events fused togethor
Frequency pitch streaming
Dissonance and tonal space separation. Clear up melody
Pitch space if large enough creates two streams
True false
True
Frequency separation really small.
Always hear as one melody
Temporal fission perceptual boundaries.
Red yellow blue.
Red two streams, fast tempo with large frequency range, ambiguous slower.
But
Boundary, small frequencies always easy to hear togethor
What happens of smaller idea inside largerd?
Basilar membrane
Creates two higher streams
What is the effect of connectedness on streaming?
More you integrate faster, glissando to help connect like picture music.
If not connected, slower much hRder to segregate.
I synchronous cannot be heard if octave used, but seperate streams can be
True false
True
Framing effects. Melody presented before finding it in mess, with differcing frequency between target and distractor.
Seperates in pitch space increases, identification increases no matter condition.
Melody presented first easier to identify, then to try and match.
Pitch is more important than content.
Crossing ears scales
Effects of intensity
A louder than b and slow tempo, two streams, rolled effect at faster tempi. Continuity…? At one end b is masked by A. Sequential masking. Close togethor in time.
Concurrent and sequential organization.
Sequential more important than concurrent.
Spectral effect?q
Timbre even if close in register I easier to segregate. But needs to have many different harmonics. There is degree of difference in timbre too.
Target with distractor melody?
Timbre different, means easier to identify after., not before like the other experiment with just frequency.
Moving in timbre space with melody? How easy to hear
Easy to hear if timbre is similar and then can seperate into two streams.
What happens to the temp when the melodies are seperates from one another by frequency?
The tempo, is slower because the brain perceives them individually rather than fused.
Streams are independant of one another this means…
When a melody is interspersed with another even if rhythm is different we cannot hear it. Ales rhythm, can be integrated or segregated.
That’s why alternating registers played fast create two streams
Can concurrent and sequential things compete.
Yes
Bregman 4 pitches
Effects connectedness on streaming
In
an
alternaAng
sequence
of
tones,
parAal
or
complete
transiAons
that
indicate
where
the
next
tone
will
be
in
frequency,
reduce
the
percepAon
of
segregaAon
and
increase
the
percepAon
of
integraAon.
The
diagram
on
the
lea
shows
the
kinds
of
transiAons
between
notes
that
were
tested
in
this
study
by
Bregman
&
Dannenbring
(1978).
In
the
graph
on
the
right,
the
y-‐axis
represents
the
degree
of
connectedness.
Note
that
ramped
and
semi-‐ramped
tones
are
more
connected
than
discrete
(or
