Week 6 Flashcards
What term has repalced dementa
Major neurocogntive disorder because dementia carries stiamgitzed pejorative connatations for older adults
What is there a difference between
Age-associated cognitive impariment with no underlying medical conditions and dementia
age associated cognitve decline is gradual where dementia is associated with rapid and substantisal decline in cognitve abilities w
What is dementia
Not a specific diagnosis but a broad cognitive syndrome consisting of a range of disorders
What is dementia characterized by
A progressive decline in 2 or more cognitive domains
Memory
Intellectual functioning
Processing speed
attention
What are common symptoms of dementia
Change in personality
Physical and verbal aggression
Diffculty speaking
Confusion
Impulsive behaviour
What is alzheniers disease
Most common form of dementia much more common from age 65
Not a singluar disease but a heterogenous set of syndromes characterized by amyloid plaques in the brain inhibitng neuron connections and informatiion transmissions
What are common symptoms of alzhemiers
Memory loss
Impulsive behaviour
Language diffculties
What are different types of dementia
Alzheimers disease
Vasuclar disease
Lewy body demntia
Fronto-temporal dementia
What is lewy body demntia dicoverd by
Discovered by Fredirich Henrich Lewy
Who discoverd Alzhemiers disease
Alos Alzheimer
What is lewy body demntia
Abnormal deposits of the protien alpha-synuclein inside the brains nerve cells block connections between the brain cless impairs the section of the brain that is responsible for thinking and movement lose their ability to reason speak and move normallly muscle stiffness tremors and prakinsons disease
What is frontol temporal dementai
Affects mostly younger populations damages frontal and temporal lobes of the brain and results in personality and behaviours changes in patients
Patients with frontol-temporal demential experience decline in
Reasoning judgjeent (frontal lobe)
Speaking abilities (frontal lobe)
Self control(frontoal lobe)
Hearing (temporal lobe)
Memory (temporable lobe)
What is vascualr dementia
Characterized by reduced bllod, oxygen and nutrient to the brina resulting in tissue damage and cognitive imapriment
What are symptoms of vascular dementia
Memory loss
Depression/ mood seings
Concentration problems
Body tremors
Sleep problems
What are the factors associated with dementia
no scientific certainty about the cause of dementia but some factors are
Age
Family history
Depression
Social isolation
Physical inactivy
Overweight.obesity
Diabetes
Hypertension
Hevy drinking or smoking
Treatment for dementia
No known cure
Medications for controlling risk factors as high blood pressure and diabetes (vascular dementia)
Activities that stimulat the brain
Interventions may delay progression but cannot stop it
What is delirium
Acute state of confusion that affects mostly older adults impairs cognitve functions such as memory, resoning and coherense and last a few hours or days and underdigonsed due to presence of other cogntive and mental helath problems with similar symptoms
What is the difference between dementai and delirium
Delirium last hours to a few days while dementia develops progressively worse over moths or years
More frequent fulcutations in cognition than dmentia
More delusions and hallucinations that dementia
What is delirium more common in
What population
Hospitalized older popultations than community residing populations
What are the 3 types of delrium
Hyperactive - characterized delusions, hallucinations, restlessnes, agitation, paronia, and agression
Hyopaticve- non recative sluggish sleep apathy and lack of intrest in own care (similar to depression) may not take mediactiosn or eat requires vigilance to aviod malnutrtion
Mixed- most common fluctuations between the two
What are causes of delirium
Frequent transfer to different hopsitals
Sleep deprivation
Pain due to cancer or fractured bones
Demntia
Absence of sensory input - vision imparied and hearing imparied individuals are more at risk due to limited input for brain stimulation
Medications - polypharmacy can interferre with congition and create state of confusiton
What are at risk populations for delirium
Demntia patients
Advanced age
Male gender
alchool narcotic users
What are clincal outcome
Hyperactive - patient have a higher risk of falls and bone fractures
Hypoactive - patients have a higher risk of malnutrtion and dehyrdation
- Dementia
readdmision excess mortality
What are pharmacologic interventions
Sedatives to calm patients (hyperactive)
Over sedation can lead to hypoactive delirum and even comatosis
Antispyychotic drugs depending on patient behaviour
What are non-pharmacologic interventions
Reorientation to time events and place
Correction of sensory deficits ( vision and hearing aids)
Sleep enahncemnts (noise reduction)
Therapeutic stimulation music games physical acitivty tv
Social engagment with familar people family friends
