Week 10 Flashcards
What can aginig also associated with
Exit from the labour force increased disability and social isolation due to death of age cohorts
What is the objective dimension of QoL
The observable tangble and quantifiable aspects of wellbeing (medical status, functional status, income, material poessions , contact with friends/family housing quality and neighbourhood quality
What is the subjective dimension
The intangible aspects of wellbeing satisfaction with life, moods/emotions (both postive and negative)
What does Powell Lawton argue
For objective dimensions to be treated as antecendent to the subjective dimension
What is the defention of QoL as an objective construct
QoL is an individual command over resources in the form of money possession knowledge mental and physical energy social relations security and so on through which the individual can control and consciously direct his living conditions
What is QoL as a subjective construct
QoL is an individuals perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and the value system in which they live and in relation to their goals expectations standards and concers
What does QoL of do
Conveys a sense of psychological acceptance life satisfaction and happiness
What else does QOL encompass
Positive thoughts
Social relations
participation in activities that are socially adn personally meaningful
Conectedness to home nighbourhood and community
COnveys a sense of fianacial social and physical security
Sense of autonomy and personal freddoms
Personal fulfillment/accomplishment in life diginity and self esteem
What does QOL varry from
Person to person and from culture to culture
What do the genetic instruments include for assessing quality of life
Quality of Life Scale
McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire
Health Related Quality of Life Questionnaire
WHOQOL-BREF
What are disease specific instruments include
Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale
Quality of Life in Bipolar Disorder Scale
Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire
What is the WHOQoL-BREF
Most widely used generic instrument developed after fieldwork in different cultural settings it is used mostly for cross-cultural comparisons of QoL
What are the four domains of the QoL relevant to older adutls
Physical
Psychological
Social
Environmental
What are the 7 items of the Physical
Pain and discomfort
Energy and fatigue
Sleep and rest
Depednece on medication
Mobility
Activities of daily living
Working Capcity
What are psycholgoical QoL
Positive feelings
negative feelings
Self-esteem
Thinking learning memory and concentration
Body image
Spirituality religion and personal beliefs
What are Social QoL
Personal relations
Sex
Practical Social Support
What are enviornmental QoL
Financial resources
Information and skills
Recreation and lesiure
Home environment
Acess to health and social care
Physical safety and security
Physical environemnt
Transport
What does physical pain encompass
Risk of chronic conditions increases with age
Chronic conditions such as cancer and arthritis are associated with intense pain
Pain may cause functional limitations and immobility
It may cause older people to self isolate over medicate and be depressed leading to poor physical QoL
How does Sleep Disturbance effect QoL
Sleep disturbance increases with age increases the risk of falls memory loss and general cognitive malfuncitoning challenges maintaing interactions and carrying out physical tasksQ
How does medication affect quality of life
Age related chronic conditions are associate with drug depedence and have debilitating side effects metabolic problems high risks of falls also burdensome to patients and caregivers
How do living arrangements effect QoL
Living with a spouse is associated with higher psychological QoL than living alone living with spouces offers opportunities for mutual social supports and social interacation
What is the condition about older women living with others
Older women live with others rather than spouse they tend to have lower QoL
What is body image effect QoL
Aging is associated with changes in physical appearance deviations from thin-body preferences are associated with low self-esteem particularly among older women body dissatisfaction is also associated wth loneliness and disorderly eating however cultrual context matters
How does religion and spirituality effect QoL
Religiosity and spirituality confer a sense of hope and positive orientation to life
Spirituality helps in dealing with health challenges and loss
Religious older adults are less likely to report depression
Religious older adults are generally more satisfied with life than non religious older adults
How does social participation QoL
Social participation includes social roles in society and involvement in decision making processes offers opportunities for social interaction and mental stimulation reducing risk to depression conveys a sense of social acceptance sense of purpose and sense of belonging social participation is associated with higher QoL
How do social networks effect QoL
Social networks are a web of social relationships surrounding an individual
Social networks are sources of information social supports and social interactions
Can reduce social isolation loneliness and depressive moods
People with fewer/weaker networks tend to have lower QoL compared to those stronger or more expansive network
How do leisure activities effect QoL
Sources of mental stimulation
Entarian and can contribute to postiive emotions
Music and games are associated with improved cogtntive vitality and better QoL among nursing home residents
How do Neighbourhood quality effect QOL
Older adults spend more time at home an in their neighbourhoods and are more affected by neighbourhood characteristics
Why do run down and crime affected neighbourhoods are associated with poor QoL
Reduced physical activity due to fear of crime is associated with cardiovascular disease and imparied mobility
Deprived neighbourhoods are associated with depression and anxiety in older adults are more prevelant in
What are sociodemographic differences
Oldest old 75+ years typically have lower QoL than the young-old
Chronic diseases pain and social isolation are more prevalent in the oldest old
Women generally have lower QoL than men (women usually outlive men and tend to bed older)
Married individuals usually have better QoL than unmarried individuals
Higher socioeconomic status individuals tend to have better QoL than those of lower SES
Why is the assessment in QoL important?
Poor QoL is a strong predictor of declining health even if no clinically diagnosable condition is present
Declining QoL is a predictor of mortality in older adults
Improvements in QoL can peolong life and functional status
