Week 4 Flashcards
What is major depression
Occurs when 5 or more of these symptoms are present
- Depressed/sad mood
- loss of intrest in routine activities
- loss of appetite
- hypersomnia/insomnia
-agitation
-fatigue/loss of energy
-cannot concentrate
-sucidal thoughts
- guilt
What else must major depression express
Experienced over a 2-week periord or more
Functionally imparing
What makes it iminor depression
If the symptoms are fewer than 5 or experienced over a period shorter than 2 weeks
What is the prevalence of late-life depression higher in
- Women than men
Instituionalized populations than community dwelling populations
oldest-old
What is later life depression caused by
A combination of
Biological/genetic factors
Psychological factors
Social factors
What is biological factors refereeing too in late life depression
Genetic predisposition to depression (gene inheritance)
Cerebovasuclar disease primary cause of depression
Physical comorbidity
What are psychological factors of late life depression
Fewer pleasurable engagements increase the risk of depression
Maladaptive cognitions are risks factor for depression
Catastrophic events increase the risk of depression
What are social factors of depression
Stress
Life events
Lack of social support is a risk factor
What can late-life depression lead to
Poor cognitive performance
Low life satisfaction
Poor quality of life
Sucide ideation
What are protective factors against late-life dperession
- Available resources
- Positive life orientation optimism vs pessimism
- Meaningful social engagements as opposed to social isolation and loneliness
- Spirituality/religious faith (confers sense of life purpose, hope)
What is treatment of late-life depression
- Anti-depressant medications (but have side effects)
- Psychotherapry
What are the different types of psychotherapy
Cognitive behvaiour therapy CBT which is a form of talk therapy to alter negative thoughts and behaviour
Problem-solving treatment (PST)- teaches to identify problems and implement solutions
Interpersonal therapy (IPT)- addresses problems in everyday relationships
Who worries less
Older adults tend to worry less than younger people
What do older adults tend to worry more about
Health and welfare of loved ones and less about work, finances and romantic realtionships
When is it considered an anxiety disorder
When these symptoms have reached clinical significance point where the symptoms impair social functioning, quality of life and life satisfaction
What is phobic disorder
The most common form of anxiety disorder in later characterized by fear of people objects or activties
What is generalized anxiety disorder
Second most common form of late life anxiety characterized by excessive worry motor tension hyper-vigilance depressive symptoms
What is panic disorder
Chacterized by recurrent panic attacks lasting approx 10 mins
What is PTSD
Characterized by recollection of traumatic experience in the form of dreams and flashbacks
What are treatments for anxiety
- Exposure therpary for phobic anxiety supports people to conquer their fear in a graded fashion the assumption is that they overestimate the danger
- Parmacologic treatments can use anti-depresseeant meditacations
What is psychosis
Chacterized by delusions and hallucinations hearing voices, seeing things others do not see
Disorganized thoughts and cannot differntiate between what is real and what is not
Disruptive behaviour and incoherent speech
Increases with age
What are the two groups of schizophrenia
Schizophernia aquire in early life and carried into old age or schizophrenia aquired in late adult (40-60)
What is late onset schizophrenia mostly characterized by and what is more common
Prescutaroy delusion fear of being harmed or accused of a horrible crime
Auditory hallucinations are more common in late-onset schizophrenia than early onset
What does late onset have less of
Thought disorder than early-onset and less emontional flattening
What is there more representation of in schizonphrenia
Female and more men in early onset
What is late-onset schizophrenia associated with
Social isolation and sensory impariments
Cognitive imapriment
Poor physical health
What are treatments of schizophrenia
Anti-psychotic medications are effective for treating positive symptoms delusion and hallucinations
however they are less effective in treating negative symptoms and have side effects that increase with age
Also psychosocial therapy
What is bipolar disorder
Characterized by extreme mood swinfs alternating between periods of stable mood, deep sadness and over excitment
What do these mood swings effect
Energy levels, sleep,judgment and behaviour
What is the problem of diagosnis of late-onset bipolar disorder
Difficult to diagonse due to symptomatic overlapt with dperession and dementia rule out other psychiatric conditions with similar symptoms and relies mainly on sustained epsiodes of mania and depression
Whats the differences between late-onset and early onset
Associate with less evere symptoms compared to early-onset bipolar disorder
What are factors associated with late onset bipolar disorder
Family history
Traumatic events
medical conditions
Medications
What is the treatment of bipolar disorders
Multiple drug therparies may be taken at a time (anti-psychotics, mood stablizers,antidepressants)
Psychoscoial thearpeis
- CBT to change negative thoughts and behavoiurs
Emotinal managment traning
