week 6 Flashcards by Payton Boyd

Athritis

inflammatory, infectious,
metabolic, or autoimmune. It can be progressive,
static, or have periods of remission and
exacerbation

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Interventions for arthritis

Pain management, orthotics, adaptation, client education, adaptive equipment, exercise

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Osteoarthritis

Joint pain, which often increases after activity or as the day
goes on.
Joint stiffnes
decresed ROM

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OA treatment

Reduce pain, improve overall function, reduce the potential for long-term disability
▪Education
-lifestyle changes

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Rheumatoid Arthritis

immune system’s cells do not function correctly and begin to
attack healthy tissues.
▪ The resulting inflammation produces chemicals that target
and cause a thickening of the synovium

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Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment

During periods of remission, OT intervention may include gently
progressive exercise.
▪ During an exacerbation of RA, the joints must rest, so therapeutic
exercise is limited. Instead, the treatment focuses on client education
and reducing pain and inflammation.
▪ Orthotics
education
adaptive equipment

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Fibromyalgia

widespread musculoskeletal
pain instead of joint pain or destruction.
▪ Sleep deprivation, fatigue, memory
impairment, and psychosocial issues

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Fibromyalgia Treatment

▪ Generally directed at relieving pain and addressing
other symptoms
▪ Graded Exercise
▪ Adaptive Equipment
▪ ECT, WS, and Ergonomic Training

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Lupus

Both an autoimmune condition and systemic, affecting many
body systems and organs as well as the joints
▪ Painful, swollen joints
▪ Extreme fatigue and unexplained fever
▪ Butterfly-shaped rash over the nose and cheeks
▪ Photosensitivity

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Lupus Treatment

▪ Lifestyle modifications are very
important, especially protection from
the sun and avoiding overexertion.
▪ If arthritic changes are pronounced, use
of orthotics may be necessary
▪ Graded Exercises
▪ Training in ECT, WS, and Ergonotics

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Gout

▪ Metabolic condition caused when the bodily waste
product uric acid deposits tiny needlelike crystals
into the joints and soft tissues
▪Intense pain
▪Swelling
▪Redness
▪Heat/warm joint
▪Joint stiffness
▪Joint deformity
▪Tophi

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Gout Treatment

▪Medical treatment of gout involves use of
medication, lifestyle changes, and client
education

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OT Interventions

▪ Decreasing pain
▪ Improving function
▪ Environmental and lifestyle modifications
▪ Decreasing risk of deformity or disability

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Client Education

▪ Decreasing pain
▪ Improving function
▪ Environmental and lifestyle modifications
▪ Decreasing risk of deformity or disability

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Adaptive Equipment

▪ Decreasing pain
▪ Improving function
▪ Environmental and lifestyle modifications
▪ Decreasing risk of deformity or disability

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Edema Management and Modalities

▪ Decreasing pain
▪ Improving function
▪ Environmental and lifestyle modifications
▪ Decreasing risk of deformity or disability
Edema Management and Modalities
25
Controlling swelling can lead to a decrease in pain and a subsequent increase
in function

Therapeutic Exercises and Activities

used to maintain or
increase range of motion and strength, leading to improved
function.
▪ Graded and progressive exercises
▪ Home exercise and home activity programs
▪ Land-based and aquatic exercises
▪ Engagement in real or virtual leisure activities

What Affects Adult Drivers?

functional impairments
associated with aging
Treatment of the adult driver may be focused on
returning to driving or determining that it is time
to stop driving

Team Members and Organizations

Regarding driver evaluation and rehabilitation:
DRSs may include individuals with an educational
background that did not address medical conditions.

Screening/Evaluation for Driving and
Community Mobility: Operational Factors

minimum capacities to
be able to safely operate a motor vehicle (e.g.,
significant visual deficit, moderate or severe
dementia), there is no justification for a specialist’s
referral.
▪ Assessment of fitness to drive
necessary mental or physical requirements

Strategic level:

Decision-making process, affecting all levels of driving
▪Determining trip goals and mode of transport (e.g., bike, drive, walk)
▪Navigating as well as being able to modify or change “plans,” both in
anticipation of trip and while on the road

Tactical level

Decisions/maneuvers made during driving maneuvers
▪Slowing down due to weather
▪Knowing if it is safe to make a left turn
▪Deciding whether to pass a slower vehicle

Operational level

Human-machine interaction used to control the vehicle
▪Steering, pushing brake pedal, using turn signal
▪Having the physical skills to carry out the tactical maneuvers
▪Possessing the overlearned skills developed through driving
experience

Interventions to Facilitate Return to Driving

not any different from other ADL or IADL tasks
- Interactive driving simulator
-Adaptive Equipment

STRENGTH OF THE HAND

Formal Testing ▪ Test is performed x3 alternating between left and right. The score is then averaged. ▪ 5% to 10% difference in strength usually exists between the client’s dominant and nondominant hand for these test Pinch Gauge Dynamometer

SENSATION OF THE HAND

* Stereognosis * Choose a handful of common objects such as a nail, a key, paper clip, coin, pen, ect. * Have the client ID the objects with eyes occluded Semmes Weinstein monofilament test Two-point Discrimination tests

COORDINATION

Nine Hole Peg Test Minnesota Manual Dexterity Kit

Self-Management

“individual’s ability to manage the symptoms, treatment, physical and psychosocial consequences and lifestyle changes inherent in living with a chronic condition.”

Self management goals

Empower individuals with knowledge of their chronic condition, develop problem-solving skills to recognize and navigate lifestyle changes, and emphasize the collaborative partnership developed between clients and healthcare providers

OT Role in Self-Management

supportive partnership self-management: Transform habits, roles, rituals, and routines ▪ Physical, personal, temporal, social, virtual, and cultural Health Maintenance Management (IADL)

OT Intervention

▪1) Teaching health management strategies an self-monitoring skills ▪2) Incorporating energy conservation and activity modification techniques ▪3) Developing coping strategies ▪4) Adapting behaviors

Precontemplation

Provide appropriate information as to why change may be helpful, presented in a nonauthoritarian manner by way of simple information

Contemplation

analyze the arguments for and against change Reflect on different options for change and the likely effect of each

Preparation

plan change carefully rather than make a rushed decision. Break plan down into achievable goals. Write down commitment to change. Think about where the client can get support for following his or her plans

Action

-follow his or her plan, -Reward and congratulate self on successes . -Remind self of the benefits -Pace self at a level where he or she will be able to sustain motivation and recognize there is a life outside of the plan. -Learn from things that do not turn out as expected. -Make use of appropriate support.

Maintenance

Recognize that development is an ongoing process. Maintain and review plans until absolutely sure they are no longer required

Motivational Interviewing

include resisting the righting reflex (e.g., the urge to correct clients), understanding the client’s motivations, listening with empathy, and empowering the client utilizing hope and encouragement

Self-Monitoring and Lifestyle Modifications

Developing self-monitoring strategies increases self- awareness of the disease’s impact on daily life and empowers individuals to make informed choices.