Week 6 Flashcards
Difference between consonants and vowels
Consonants involve obstruction somewhere in the vocal tract, while vowels do not.
What are the semi-vowels?
/w/ and /j/
Are all vowels approximants?
Yes
What are the pairs in the vowel diagram?
spread [i] and rounded [y]
spread [m] upside down and rounded [u], ect.
Five vowel system
Is the most common, and consists of /i e a o u/. Found in Czech, Hebrew, Spanish, Italian, Modern Greek, and more.
Vowel inventory of English
Focuses on the vowels of SSBE and follow the transcription conventions by Daniel Jones.
Monophthongs
A vowel that’s articulated with the tongue and lips held steady (one sound).
• Vowels in the original diagram.
Central monophthongs
/3/ (hurt)
/^/ (umbrella)
/schwa/ (pizza)
Schwa
Always unstressed, unless part of a diphthong.
Diphthongs
A vowel that’s articulated with an obvious change in tongue and/or lip shape (two sounds/glide).
/eI/ lane
/aI/ line
What kind of diphthongs are there?
Closing diphthongs: involve a movement towards the roof of the mouth. (eI, aI)
Centring: movement towards schwa and have this as their second element.
Which parts of the world are rhotic? And where does the /r/ occur?
England (southwest, northwest)
Scotland
Ireland
North America (apart from eastern and southern)
Some parts of Caribbean
/r/ occurs both preceding and following vowels.
Which parts of the world are non-rhotic? And where does the /r/ occur?
Most of England (including SSBE)
Some parts of eastern and southern US
Southern hemisphere (South Africa, Australia, NZ)
/r/ occurs only before vowels
Cardinal vowels
Occupy the outer eddies of the vowel diagram. If the articulation is higher than CV1 and CV8, than the sound is no longer an approximant but a fricative.
Secondary cardinal vowels
Secondary CVs have reversed lip rounding compared to the normal CVs. They also include some extra central vowels.
