Week 5 Flashcards
International Phonetic Association
In charge of making the IPA
When was IPA established? And what was their aim?
- Their aim was to promote a phonetic alphabet to aid in teaching pronunciation, especially in English, French and German.
What was the most recent ‘major change’ to the IPA?
The addition of the voiced labiodental flap [V] in 2005. It is found in a number of languages of Central Africa.
The upside down [r]
The symbol that represents the typical phonetic realisation in SSBE. Voiced postalveolar approximant.
Retroflex (a place of articulation)
(Post-)alveolar, but eight the top of the tongue curled back, common in Indian English, also Hindi.
Voiced alveolar retroflex stop: d with a tail
Voiceless alveolar retroflex fricative: s with a tail
VPM of /d/ with a tail
Voiced alveolar retroflex stop
VPM of /s/ with a tail
Voiceless alveolar retroflex fricative
Uvular (place of articulation), and which sounds are made with this?
Back of the tongue pulled towards the uvula
[q] = Arabic
and [x] = varieties of Dutch
VPM of [q]
Voiceless uvular stop
(Arabic)
VPM of [X]
Voiceless uvular fricative
(Some varieties of Dutch)
Pharyngeal (place of articulation) and the movement of the tongue
Root of the tongue pulled towards the pharynx wall
[h] with a dash (Agul) = voiceless pharyngeal fricative
VPM of [h] with a dash
Voiceless pharyngeal fricative (Agul)
Thrill (manner of articulation)
The active articulator taps rapidly and repeatedly against the passive articulator.
For example, the common ‘rolled r’ [r] is a voiced alveolar thrill.
VPM of [r] (the rolled r]
Voiced alveolar thrill
Tap/flap (manner of articulation), and what kind of sound does this produce?
The active articulator taps against the passive articulator just once. The duration of the closure is shorter than that of stops.
It produces the /t d/ in American English.
