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NUR 422 > week 6 > Flashcards

week 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Direct modes of transmission

A

Immediate transfer of agent from one human to another
less than 3 feet

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2
Q

contact transmission

A

Direct transfer
STI

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3
Q

droplet transmission

A

Expelled large droplets from one person to another

Flu, RSV

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4
Q

Indirect mode of transmission

A

Transferred greater than 3 feet apart

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5
Q

vehicle borne transmission

A

Animate
Inanimate
Food
Liquids

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6
Q

Vectorborne transmission

A

Arthropods

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7
Q

Airborne transmission

A

small droplets through cough or sneeze

TB, Covid, chickenpox

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8
Q

unidirection pattern of transmission

A

Non-human to human

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9
Q

vertical pattern of transmission

A

Parent to child
Breast-feeding
Example – HIV

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10
Q

endogenous pattern of transmission

A

Internal source
Example – E. coli

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11
Q

bidirectional pattern

A

Non-human to human back to nonhuman

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12
Q

horizontal pattern

A

Person to person
Example – flu

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13
Q

Exogenous pattern

A

External source

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14
Q

latent period of disease

A

Infectious disease enters host, finds good conditions, and replicates

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15
Q

Incubation. Period.

A

Period between invasion of an agent until symptoms appear

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16
Q

communicability period

A

Time person is contagious

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17
Q

Transmissibility

A

Estimations of the basic reproductive number

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18
Q

prevention

A

Reduce, or eliminate exposure/susceptibility to a disease

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19
Q

Control

A

Reduce incidents or prevalence of disease at one point in time

20
Q

Elimination

A

Control of a specific geographic area for disease

21
Q

Eradication

A

Zero incidents worldwide

22
Q

pandemic

A

When a disease growth is exponential, unpredictable, and alters international boundaries

23
Q

Epidemic

A

occurrence of a disease in a community or region
Excessive normal expectancy

24
Q

endemic

A

Provides baseline for public health problem

Constant presence of a disease within a geographical area or population

25
What is a disease named after a location cause?
Stigmas
26
NIMS
approach to incident management in response in the US Plan, train and exercise
27
Who is the point of contact in a crisis?
Incident commander
28
Who communicates to media and the public?
Public information officer
29
Open incident
Unknown number Search and rescue required Long and ongoing
30
Closed incident
Number expected to change Triage treatment, and removed from scene
31
multiple causality incidents
Greater than or equal to three patients
32
mass casualty event
Greater than 100 patients
33
START Triage
simple Triage And Rapid Treatment Gold standard
34
HAZMAT zones
💛warm zone – contamination control, appropriate PPE life-saving emergency care ❤️Hot zone – contamination present, appropriate PPE, limited number of personnel 💚Cold zone- treatment/transport areas staging monitoring, and rehab
35
Natural disaster
sudden/acute impact slow or chronic ex- hurricane, tornado
36
Human generated disaster
unintentional or intentional Bio, nuclear, chemical, explosive, technology Example – fire, explosion, riots
37
phases of disaster
Prepare Prevent Respond Recover
38
Nerve agent
absorbed by inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact Rapidly fatal systemic effects may occur after exposure dx: decreased acetylcholinesterase levels onset: rapid sx: salivation lacrimation urine incontinence diarrhea GI cramps Emesis
39
carbon monoxide poisoning
causes: winter time, vented furnaces sx: HA, dizzy, seizures, SOA, vomiting, chest pain Nursing care – place pulse ox CO tx: high flow, oxygen, nonrebreather Hyperbaric chamber Oxygen washout
40
Harm reduction
Set of practical strategies and ideas aimed at reducing negative consequences associated with drug use
41
can naloxone be used for alcohol or non-opioids
No, only reverses opioid overdose
42
Prevention phase
identify potential hazards Identify vulnerabilities Strength and capacity
43
reaction/respond phase
identifying the disaster management team leader Determining and clearly articulating roles of each member Setting up a viable and realistic triage system Implement life-saving actions Implement surveillance Evacuating populations, if needed
44
decontamination phase
Prevents further absorption and spreading of the chemical Remove wash and dispose
45
is isolation at the individual or population level
Individual
46
is quarantine at the individual or population level?
Population Shelter Targeted restriction Compulsory restriction
47
Recovery phase
Continue to monitor for ongoing effects reestablish health services Debrief Evaluate response Apply lessons learned

NUR 422 (7 decks)

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