Week 6 Flashcards
which QLR method would be most appropriate for the research problem “the role of specialist nurses in communtiy care”
- interpretative description
which QLR method is most approp for the research problem “developing a primary health care service for the Chinese population in one city”
- ethnography
which QLR method is most appropriate for the research problem “what is the process of advocacy in primary health care”
- grounded theory
what paradigm is used in QLR
- constructivist
what does QLR focus on
- understanding human experiences and how people make sense of their lives
analysis in QLR is often..
- inductive –> consolidate info into themes & theories
the research deign in QLR can be described as _____? why?
- flexible –> needed in case something emerges that they hadn’t thought about and need to research it further
describe the researchers roles in QLR (5)
- identify & be conscious of their biases, values, and personal background (reflexivity)
- connections w research site & participants
- ethics review board permission
- gaining entry to site
- be aware of sensitive ethical issues (ex. their connections w the research participants can cause ethical issues)
describe sampling in QLR (2)
- overall trying to pick people that have an in-depth understanding of the experience
- usually a smaller sample size
what are 4 types of sampling used in QLR sampling
- purposeful sampling
- snowball/network sampling
- convenience sampling
- theoritical sampling
what is purposeful sampling
- where purposely select individuals that have previous experience w the topic or the ability to answer your questions, have in-depth knowledge of study topic
- uses key criteria to pick participants
what is snowball/network sampling
- uses informants/people in study to recruit other people
when it snowball sampling particularly useful (2)
- if communities are closed
- if studying a stigmatized behavior (ex. marijuana use)
describe convenience sampling (2)
- quick, easy way to get samples
- includes things such as putting posters up and taking the 1st 20 people
describe theoritical sampling
- she didnt rlly give a solid definition of it but this is my understanding*
- decide what samples you need as you go thru your study & identify what themes you need more data on
ex. study of cancer pts, they discuss traditional medicine, now you need more info on traditional medicine
what is data saturation (2)
- when you no longer are getting new data
- point when you stop doing data collection
what is theoretical saturation
- when there are no new concepts coming out around the theory
QL data collection should maintain reflexivity, what does this mean?
- the researcher remains aware of the part they play in the study and the possible effects these can have on the data
describe various characteristics of QL data collection (4)
- flexible data collection that evolves as the study progresses
- involves purposefully selected sites & people
- incudes various types of data –> textual, images,
- gaining people’s trust is v important to prevent superficial data
what are some methods of QL data collection (5)
- qualitative observation
- unstructured or semi-structued interviews
- focus groups
- documents
- audio & visual materials
what is photo-voice
- a research method that employs photography and group dialogue as a means for participants to control the camera and tell the story themselves
what do the images in photo-voice allow? (2)
- reveal meanings
- foster dialogue and community action
describe data recording in QLR (3)
- uses protocols for recording observational data
- research staff require extensive training (imp to avoid paraphrasing of results, etc.)
- includes handwritten notes, audio, or video recording
describe QL data analysis (4)
- analyzes narrative interview transcripts (or other narrative sources)
- occurs concurrently w data collection
- utilizes QL computer data analysis programs
- there are design specific analysis
what kind of data does QL produce
- rich & dense data
what is rigor r/t QL (3)
- the QL version of reliability & validity
- a systemic approach to establish the scientific merit & quality of QLR,
- trustworthiness of data
rigor needs to be balanced w
- creativity and subjectivity , which is inherent in QLR
rigor arose from
- the criticism of QNR that QLR was “soft” and without standards
what are some imp characteristics about rigor (3)
- there is not s ingle set of criteria that contribute to valid knowledge
- all knowledge, however well founded, is uncertain
- there is a need for common quality criteria
what 4 concepts are linked to rigor & trustworthiness
- credibility
- dependability
- confirmability
- transferability
what is included when assessing credibility (3)
- are the research findings are plausible and
trustworthy, true, accurate - look at the research team –> do they have the credits? do they actually do research in this area?
- does it include rich quotes?
- are there structures in place? (ex. field notes, audit trail)
what is included when assessing dependability
- The extent to which the research could be
replicated in similar conditions - An expectation that methods, logic, and reasoning guiding a study should be clear, stable, and consistent
- can you follow how the findings were developed by the researcher? (ex. meeting notes)
what is included when assessing confirmability (3)
- An expectation that results should be supported by participants, other researchers, and existing literature.
- neutrality in findings?
- quotes –> confirm what was said was actually said
- member checks –> give data/ preliminary findings to some participants and ask if what they have written makes sense/is true?
what is included when assessing transferability
- can this be applied to other settings? limits to application?
- similar to external validity (generalizability) of QN
what is included when assessing transferability
- can this be applied to other settings? limits to application?
what is used to critically appraise QLR
- JBI critical appraisal checklist
view the critique of QLR notes in the ppt, bc it would be a hugeeee flashcard
….
describe thematic analysis
- focuses on pulling out key themes from the data set
- often used in GT
describe concept analysis (2)
- not at the thematic lvl
- talk about concepts
