Week 5A Flashcards
What are the major cell structures and organelles, and what functions do they serve?
Major structures include the nucleus (contains DNA), mitochondria (energy production), and ribosomes (protein synthesis).
What is the role of antibodies in the immune response?
Antibodies are proteins that identify and neutralize foreign invaders or antigens.
What are the four primary elements that form protoplasm?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
What is the role of repair enzymes in cellular damage recovery?
Repair enzymes mend damaged molecules, aiding in the recovery from radiation-induced damage.
What are the functions of DNA?
DNA carries genetic information necessary for cell replication and regulates cellular activity and protein synthesis.
What role do water and mineral salts play in cell function?
Water transports substances in and out of cells, while mineral salts maintain cell osmosis and nerve function.
What types of RNA exist, and what are their locations and functions?
Types include mRNA (in cytoplasm, directs protein synthesis), rRNA (in ribosomes, forms proteins), and tRNA (brings amino acids to ribosomes).
What is the process of mitosis?
Mitosis is the process of cell division resulting in two identical daughter cells, involving stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
What is the molecular structure of DNA?
DNA consists of two long sugar-phosphate chains twisted in a double-helix, linked by nitrogenous bases.
How do hormones affect body functions?
Hormones are chemical messengers regulating processes such as growth, metabolism, and mood.
How does the structure of DNA enable its function as the genetic material?
DNAs double-helix structure allows it to store and transmit genetic information via sequences of nitrogenous bases.
How does meiosis differ from mitosis?
Meiosis reduces chromosome number by half, resulting in four genetically diverse gametes, while mitosis produces two identical cells.
What are the major organic and inorganic substances found in the cell?
Organic compounds and inorganic compounds such as water and mineral salts.
What is the role of proteins in cell structure and function?
Proteins provide structural support, facilitate biochemical reactions as enzymes, and regulate cellular processes.
How do cells perform diverse functions in the body?
Cells specialize in various tasks, adapting their structures and processes to meet specific physiological needs.
How do organic compounds differ from inorganic compounds?
Organic compounds contain carbon and are usually associated with living organisms, while inorganic compounds do not primarily contain carbon.
How do you define a chromosome?
A chromosome is a structure made of DNA and proteins that contains genetic information.
What are the key components of nucleic acids?
Nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides, which include a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.
How do structural and enzymatic proteins differ in function?
Structural proteins provide shape and support, while enzymatic proteins act as catalysts to speed up biochemical reactions.
What is protoplasm and its significance in living organisms?
Protoplasm is the living substance of cells, essential for metabolism, growth, and reproduction.