Week 5 - Varieties Of English (SSE) Flashcards
Three types of phonetic and phonlogical differences across varieties of English
Realization differences
Phonotactic différences
Phonemic différences
Realization differences
Phonemes can have different phonetic realization across varieties
Ex: GOAT, distribution of clear and dark l, realization of /t/
HappY-tensing
Accent differ with regards to the vowel they have at end of happY words (a tense i or a lax vowel I avec tiret ou e)
Phonotactic différences
Certain phonemes may have different distributions across varieties. The most common is /r/
Two types of varieties ( Rhotic varieties can appear is all position and non-rhotic varieties only appear in the onset of a syllable)
The three consequences of rhoticity
commA and lettER do not rhyme
No centring diphthongs
There is no linking or intrusive r
Phonemic différences
Inventory of phonemes can be different from a variety to another
Ex: SSE has a single vowel for FOOT and GOOSE /u/
GA same vowel for LOT and THOUGHT
Standard Scottish English SSE
Consonants
- Rhotic variety realised as r or r a l’envers
- Two additional phonemes
x (voiceless velar fricative) in some typically Scottish words (loch, dreich)
- M (voiceless labio velar approximants in wh-words so which≠witch what≠watt
- l is realized as l~ in all positions even the onset (looked, trolley)
- t is often realised as ‽ btw two vowels and in coda positions
Vowels
No length distinctions
beat /bit/ vs bit /bët/
No difference btw FOOT and GOOSE ( u fronted)
No difference btw TRAP and BATH /a/
No difference btw LOT AND THOUGHT/C/
only 3 diphthongs
Price /ai/ mouth /au/ and choice /ci/
Face and goat are monophthongs /e/ and /o/
Kit, dress, trap are lowered to /ë/, ɛ and a
Unstressed syllables sse
Most speakers use ʌ instead of schaw
No HappY-tensing RPs final i are usually realised with a more open vowel such as e or ɪ
