Week 5: SB & Physical Inactivity - Measurements Flashcards
What is the difference between Sedentary Behaviour and Physical Inactivity?
SB - Spending most of the day in activities of low energy expenditure (<1.5 METS)
PI - Refers to not achieving a recommended amount of PA per week (e.g. not achieving 150 mins)
What is 1 MET? what activity would 3 METS be?
1 MET = 3.5ml/kg/min of energy expended during 1 min of seated rest
3 METs = steady state walking (4km/h)
What is the PA/Exercise guidelines for people aged 5-17 Years old?
Mod to Vig PA atleast 60 mins per day
As part of the daily 60 minutes, atleast 3 days per week they should:
- Perform Vigorous activities
- Perform activities that strength muscle and bone (e.g. weightbaring exercise)
How can PA in people age 5-17 years help mitigate osteoporosis in later years?
Due to bone health starting to deteriorate from the age of 45 years old, improving bone density through PA when youre young can start the degeneration of bone from a higher level
What are health outcomes linked to PA in people 5-17 YO?
- Physical fitness
- Cardiometabolic health
- Bone Health
- Adiposity
- Adverse effects
- Mental health
- Cognitive outcomes
- Prosocial behaviours
- Sleep duration and quality
What is the PA guidelines for adults? (18-64 years)
Mod intensity aerobic for 150mins/week
OR
75 minutes vigorous aerobic activity
Plus
Muscle strengthening 2 or more days per week
What are the indicators of frailty phenotype?
- Involuntary weight loss
- Low grip strength
- Exhaustion
- Slow Gait Speed
- SB
Harms of Sedentary Behaviour
- Increased Metabolic risk factors
- Increased functional limitations
- Increased all cause and CVD mortality
Why is PA surveillance needed?
- Too identify the prevalence and determinants of PA
- To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions designed to change activity levels
- To track compliance to national guidelines, usually expressed as the proportion of the population meeting the main qualitative guidelines
What are some population based surveillance systems?
- Core public health function
- Collect and report on key health indicators
- Sampling a proportion of population
- Inform policy development
- Tool: instruments and protocol
Disadvantages of self-reports in younger children
- Difficulty recalling past behaviours accurately
- May struggle to understand the concepts of PA FITT principle
- Proxy self reports by parents/caregivers (recall bias)
What are some objective measurement tools of PA?
- Pedometers
- Accelerometers
- Actigraph
- HR monitors
Disadvantages of Pedometers?
- Do not account for individual differences in physical make up of exercise (e.g stride length)
- Cant measure resistance PA
Disadvantages of Accelerometers
- Wear compliance
- Data Ownership
- Stationary exercises not captured
- Short Lifespan
What is total energy expenditure?
Resting EE + Thermic effect of food + PA EE
