Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NERU332 - Neuroanatomy > Week 5: Reticular Formation > Flashcards

Week 5: Reticular Formation Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the major anatomical structures (nuclei/neurons and areas) of the Reticular formation system.

A
  1. the precerebellar nuclei
  2. the raphe nuclei
  3. the central group of nuclei
  4. the cholinergic and catecholamine cell groups,
  5. the lateral parvocellular reticular area,
  6. the parabrachial area, and
  7. the superficial medullary neurons.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Identify the major functions of the reticular formation systems.

A

– the sleep–arousal cycle
– perception of pain
– control of movement, and
– regulation of visceral activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which of the following is part of the reticular formation?

a. the nuclei of the cranial nerves
b. the central group of nuclei
c. conspicuous masses of gray matter
d. the long tracts that pass through the brain stem
e. the nucleus ambigus
f. the medial lemniscus

A

b. the central group of nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The component parts of the reticular formation are

distinct. List seven aggregations of neurons that are recognized as reticular formation nuclei.

A
  1. the precerebellar nuclei
  2. the raphe nuclei
  3. the central group of nuclei
  4. the cholinergic and catecholamine cell groups,
  5. the lateral parvocellular reticular area,
  6. the parabrachial area, and
  7. the superficial medullary neurons.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The lateral reticular nucleus, paramedian reticular nucleus and the pontine reticulotegmental nucleus form the:

a. the precerebellar nuclei
b. the raphe nuclei
c. the cholinergic and catecholamine cell groups
d. the lateral parvocellular reticular area
e. the parabrachial area

A

a. the precerebellar nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The component parts of the reticular formation are distinct. List seven aggregations of neurons that are recognized as reticular formation nuclei.

A
  1. the precerebellar nuclei
  2. the raphe nuclei
  3. the central group of nuclei
  4. the cholinergic and catecholamine cell groups,
  5. the lateral parvocellular reticular area,
  6. the parabrachial area, and
  7. the superficial medullary neurons.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Many raphe neurons
synthesize and secrete:

a. GABA
b. Catecholamines
c. Dopamine
d. serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine)
e. Glutamate
f. ACh

A

d. serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding raphe nuclei?

a. Their are mostly uncrossed
b. The axons of the serotonergic raphe neurons are thin, unmyelinated, and greatly branched.
c. The more caudally located raphe nuclei
play significant role in sleep.
d. Many raphe neurons
synthesize and secrete dopamine which is their principal synaptic transmitter.
e. These are groups of neurons are located caudally in the dorsolateral part of the brainstem

A

b. The axons of the serotonergic raphe neurons are thin, unmyelinated, and greatly branched.

CORRECTIONS
They are interspersed among
bundles of decussating axons.
The more rostrally located raphe nuclei play significant role in sleep. 
These are groups of neurons
either in or adjacent to the
midline (raphe) of the brain
stem.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the gigantocellular reticular nucleus?

a. Does not include serotonin neurons
b. It is laterally located
c. It has visceral function, including maximal inspiration
d. It is a cholinergic nuclei

A

c. It has visceral function, including maximal inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Some neurons in the brain stem and hypothalamus actively promote sleep. Which of the following are active in deep (non-REM) sleep?

a. The central group of reticular nuclei
b. The accessory oculomotor nuclei
c. Noradrenergic neurons
d. The serotonergic raphe neurons
e. the interstitial nucleus of Cajal

A

d. The serotonergic raphe neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Activity of which pathway can suppress the conscious awareness of pain?

a. medullary raphe nuclei with the periaqueductal gray matter and the spinal dorsal horn
b. the lateral reticular nucleus with the cerebellum
c. the reticulospinal tracts
d. the central group of reticular nuclei travelling in the central tegmental tract
e. cholinergic neurons and the central group of pontine reticular nuclei

A

a. medullary raphe nuclei with the periaqueductal gray matter and the spinal dorsal horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The reticulospinal tracts, located in the ventral and lateral funiculi of the spinal white matter, are formed by the long descending axons of which nuclei?

a. the raphe nuclei
b. the precerebellar reticular nuclei
c. cholinergic reticular nuclei
d. the central group of reticular nuclei
e. catecholaminergic neurons

A

d. the central group of reticular nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the central group of reticular nuclei?

a. Includes the PPRF and gigantocellular reticular nuclei
b. Includes the cuneiform and subcuneiform nuclei
c. Electrophysiological studies implicate these nuclei in stereotyped motor functions, such as locomotion
d. PPRF involved in conjugate lateral movements of the eyes
e. Neurons of the central reticular nuclei typically have axons with long ascending and descending branches.

A

c. Electrophysiological studies implicate these nuclei in stereotyped motor functions, such as locomotion

This is true of cholinergic neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The pontine and mesencephalic raphe nuclei send projections to:

a. the spinal cord, cranial nerve nuclei and the intralaminar thalamic nuclei
b. the cerebellum and all parts of the cerebrum
c. the cerebellum, cerebral cortex and thalamus
d. the cerebellum

A

b. the cerebellum and all parts of the cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which of the following contains neurons whose patterns of firing follow a 24-hour cycle serve as an internal clock for
the brain?

a. The lateral hypothalamus
b. . The serotonergic raphe neurons
c. The cholinergic neurons of the pedunculopontine and lateral dorsal tegmental nuclei
d. GABA-ergic neurons
e. The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus

A

e. The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the cholinergic neurons of the pedunculopontine and lateral dorsal tegmental nuclei?

a. These nuclei are as active in REM sleep as they are in the awake state.
b. They use dopamine as their synaptic transmitter
c. Damage to these neurons is associated with visual abnormalities
d. The pedunculopontine is the smaller of the two nuclei
e. These neurons have short, branching axons

A

a. These nuclei are as active in REM sleep as they are in the awake state.

Corrections
The pedunculopontine is the largest
Use ACh
have long, branching axons

17
Q

The parvocellular reticular nuclei/neurons are located in:

a. the medulla
b. the medulla and pons
c. the midbrain
d. the midbrain and pons
e. the pons

A

b. the medulla and pons

18
Q

Where do the axons of parabrachial neurons project rostrally to?

A
  • the hypothalamus
    – preoptic area
    – intralaminar thalamic nuclei, and
    – amygdala.
19
Q

The precerebellar nuclei send projections to:

a. the spinal cord, cranial nerve nuclei and the intralaminar thalamic nuclei
b. the cerebellum and all parts of the cerebrum
c. the cerebellum, cerebral cortex and thalamus
d. the cerebellum

A

d. the cerebellum

20
Q

The superficial medullary neurons are concerned with what function?

a. movements of the eyes
c. the poorly localized perception of pain
c. modulation of pain
sensation
d. sleeping and awake states
e. cardiovascular and respiratory regulation

A

e. cardiovascular and respiratory regulation

The fibers of this region are activated by
– the baroreceptors of the carotid and aortic sinuses and
– the oxygen-sensitive chemoreceptors of the carotid and aortic bodies.

Some of these medullary neurons respond directly to changes in the pH or carbon dioxide concentration.

21
Q

The central group of reticular nuclei forms part of an ascending pathway (through spinal afferents and projections to the thalamus) for which function?

a. movements of the eyes
c. the poorly localized perception of pain
c. modulation of pain
sensation
d. sleeping and awake states
e. cardiovascular and respiratory regulation

A

c. the poorly localized perception of pain

22
Q

The “pneumotaxic center,” (the region concerned with the regulation of respiratory rhythm) is thought to be in which aggregations of neurons?

A

PARABRACHIAL AREA

23
Q

The parvocellular reticular nuclei/neurons are: (Select all that apply)

a. involved in reflexes which are concerned with feeding
b. a relay station in ascending pathways for visceral sensations
c. activated by the baroreceptors of the carotid and aortic sinuses
d. lateral to the central group and medial to the trigeminal nuclei.
e. located in the medulla and pons

A

a. involved in reflexes which are concerned with feeding
d. lateral to the central group and medial to the trigeminal nuclei.
e. located in the medulla and pons

CORRECTIONS:

b. a relay station in ascending pathways for visceral sensations - applies to PARABRACHIAL AREA
c. activated by the baroreceptors of the carotid and aortic sinuses - applies to SUPERFICIAL MEDULLARY RETICULAR NEURONS

24
Q

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the catecholamine nuclei

a. They use acetylcholine as their synaptic transmitter.
b. Destructive lesions of the locus coeruleus cause unconsciousness.
c. Neurotransmitter released by axons
from the locus coeruleus and related cell groups probably acts mainly as a
modulator of synapses between other neurons.
d. Some provide an ascending projection that inhibits neurons throughout the cerebral cortex.
e. they are more active in non-REM sleep and REM sleep.

A

c. Neurotransmitter released by axons
from the locus coeruleus and related cell groups probably acts mainly as a
modulator of synapses between other neurons.

CORRECTIONS:
They use noradrenaline (norepinephrine), adrenaline (epinephrine), and dopamine

Destructive lesions of the locus coeruleus do not cause unconsciousness.

provide an ascending projection that excites neurons throughout the cerebral cortex.

they are less active in non-REM sleep and inactive in REM sleep.

25
Q

The central group of reticular nuclei send projections to:

a. the spinal cord, cranial nerve nuclei and the intralaminar thalamic nuclei
b. the cerebellum and all parts of the cerebrum
c. the cerebellum, cerebral cortex and thalamus
d. the cerebellum

A

a. the spinal cord, cranial nerve nuclei and the intralaminar thalamic nuclei

26
Q

Where do the neurons in the parvocellular reticular area send their axons to?

A

the motor nuclei of the
hypoglossal, facial, and
trigeminal nerves.

NERU332 - Neuroanatomy (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions