Week 2: Understanding brain structure through development Flashcards
What does the neural tube and neural crests form from?
The embryonic ectoderm
List the three primary vesicles of the brain.
Prosencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon
What are the special features of the human brain, compared to the rat brain?
Many similarities between
rat and human brain.
Some differences:
Rat cerebrum lacks convolutions of human brain (due to enormous expansion of cerebral cortex)
-Note relatively large olfactory bulb in rat
-Human brain has well developed temporal lobe
Hydrocephalus is caused by … ?
a. The faulty closure of the neural tube
b. The obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid
c. Ruptures in the neural tube
d. Discharge of synaptic transmitters into blood
b. The obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid
Which of the following means nose/front?
a. Coronal
b. Caudal
c. Dorsal
d. Rostral
e. Ventral
f. Medial
g. Distal
h. Lateral
d. Rostral
List the secondary vesicles of the forebrain
five secondary brain vesicles: Telencephalon, Diencephalon, Mesencephalon, Metencephalon, and Myelencephalon.
Which of the following is NOT true regarding the somatic PNS?
a. innervates skin, joints, muscles
b. It controls voluntary movement
c. It has two divisions: sympathetic and parasympathetic
d. It conducts impulses from the CNS to effectors
c. It has two divisions: sympathetic and parasympathetic
State the main structural features of cortical tissue.
Common features of cerebral cortex in vertebrates
– Cell bodies in layers or sheets
– Surface layer separated from pia mater, layer I
– Apical dendrites form multiple branches
What are afferent axons?
Afferent (“carry to”): carry information toward a
particular point
List the three membranes
that surround the
brain
• Dura mater
• Arachnoid
membrane
• Pia mater
Which of the following means posterior at the level of the head?
a. Coronal
b. Caudal
c. Dorsal
d. Rostral
e. Ventral
f. Medial
g. Distal
h. Lateral
b. Caudal
The thalamus and hypothalamus are called…?
a. The mesencephalon
b. The telencephalon
c. The diencephalon
d. The hindbrain
c. The diencephalon
The hippocampus, olfactory cortex and neocortex are all…?
a. Types of cerebral cortex
b. Diencephalon structures
c. Two cell layers thick
a. Types of cerebral cortex
Which of the following is NOT true regarding the autonomic PNS?
a. innervates organs, blood vessels, glands
b. It’s voluntary
c. It has two divisions: sympathetic and parasympathetic
d. It conducts impulses from the CNS to effectors
b. It’s voluntary
Which of the following processes visual and auditory data; generates reflexive somatic motor responses; maintains consciousness?
a. Diencephalon
b. Mesencephalon
c. Pons
d. Medulla Oblongata
e. Cerebellum
f. Cerebrum
g. Thalamus
h. Hypothalamus
b. Mesencephalon
The thalamus and hypothalamus are called…?
a. The mesencephalon
b. The telencephalon
c. The diencephalon
d. The hindbrain
c. The diencephalon