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Week 5 Lectures Flashcards

1
Q

Bring multiple considerations to learning situation:

A 
A need to know (how? why? who?)
Independent self-concept
Life experience
Readiness to learn that is life centered
Motivation that is primarily internal (how will learning help them?)
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2
Q

Adult learners require

A

Choice
Voice
Relevance
Ownership

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3
Q

Choice

A

provide options

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4
Q

Voice

A

listen to their needs

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5
Q

Relevance

A

connect learning to valued interests

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6
Q

Ownership

A

work collaboratively on goal setting

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7
Q

What does readiness to learn depend on?

A

previous learning

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8
Q

Intrinsic motivation

A

more pervasive/permanent learning

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9
Q

What is learning enhanced by?

A

repetition

meaningful tasks/materials

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10
Q

How to facilitate learning/motivation to learn?

A

A person learns what he/she wants to learn
Only patient can make decision that goal is worth striving for
Place responsibility for learning on patient, not on you

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11
Q

Age Changes in Motivation

A

self regulation
positive emphasis
stronger adherence to behavior
positive self-concept

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12
Q

Self-regulation

A

greater ability to control thoughts, emotions, behaviors with age

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13
Q

Positive emphasis

A

elderly respond better to emphasizing positive and short-term outcomes

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14
Q

Stronger adherence to behavior change

A

elderly slower to initiate change but more likely to adhere to changes

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15
Q

Positive self-concept

A

elderly less likely to conceptualize selves as personally deficient

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16
Q

How to address fear (motivational challenge)?

A

graded activity
graded exposure
cognitive behavioral therapy

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17
Q

Graded activity

A

start activity lower than painful level, slowly increase while providing positive reinforcement

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18
Q

Graded exposure

A

increased exposure to fear-causing events, can be real exposure or imagined

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19
Q

Cognitive behavioral therapy

A

address maladaptive thoughts to treat behaviors and feelings

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20
Q

Apathy:

A

lack of interest/concern, is opposite of motivation

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21
Q

Who is apathy noted in?

A

dementia/depression but can occur independently of these

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22
Q

Interventions for apathy:

A

Pharmacologic interventions may be recommended

Behavioral interventions – activities which stimulate and individual can complete

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23
Q

Transtheoretical Model of Change

A 
Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Termination
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24
Q

Precontemplation

A

The individual has no intention to take action within the next 6 months and is generally unaware or under-aware of the problem

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25
Contemplation
The individual intends to take action within the next 6 months. He or she is aware that a problem exists but has not yet made a commitment to take action
26
Preparation
The individual intends to take action within the next 30 days and has take behavioral steps in this direction
27
Action
The individual changes his or her overt behavior for less than 6 months
28
Maintenance
The individual changes his or her overt behavior for more than 6 months and works to prevent relapse and consolidate the gains attained
29
Termination
The individual has no temptation to relapse ans has 100% confidence in maintaining the change
30
Aspects of Change
``` consciousness raising dramatic relief environmental reevaluation self-evaluation self-liberation counterconditioning helping relationships reinforcement management stimulus control ```
31
Motivational Interviewing
Identifies dissonance between behaviors and values | Clinician listens reflectively and empathetically
32
What is the hallmark of motivational interviewing?
exploring client’s values and having client note mismatch between behaviors and life goals
33
Key Principles of Motivational Interviewing
express empathy develop discrepancy roll with resistance support self efficacy
34
CDC guidelines for older adults exercising:
2 hours and 30 minutes (150 minutes) of moderate-intensity aerobic activity (i.e., brisk walking) every week AND weight training: muscle-strengthening activities on 2 or more days a week that work all major muscle groups (legs, hips, back, abdomen, chest, shoulders, and arms)… OR 1 hour and 15 minutes (75 minutes) of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity (i.e., jogging or running) every week AND weight training: muscle-strengthening activities on 2 or more days a week that work all major muscle groups … OR An equivalent mix of moderate- and vigorous-intensity aerobic activity AND weight training: muscle-strengthening activities on 2 or more days a week that work all major muscle groups
35
What percentage of adults meet activity guidelines?
20% of adults 50% meet aerobic guidelines fail at strength training
36
What causes a loss of function?
Typically it is the loss of strength (impairing balance and mobility) rather than a medical condition
37
Mobility disability:
Defined as the inability to walk a ¼ mile or climb a flight of stairs.
38
What is the single most important predictor of subsequent institutionalization>
leg strength | muscular system is entryway to frality
39
Strength components
Neural adaptations | Muscle adaptions
40
Neural adaptations
strength gains less than 6 weeks intramuscular intermuscular
41
Intramuscular:
improvements in ability to recruit and fire motor units in synchrony, improved rate of motor unit firing
42
Intermuscular
coordinating components of kinetic chain
43
Muscle adaptations:
6 weeks or more Sarcoplasmic hypertrophy Myofibrillar hypertrophy
44
Fraility:
Weight loss: 10 pounds or more over year (unintentional) Self-reported exhaustion 3 or more days/week Grip strength lowest 20% (<23 pounds women, <32 pounds men) Walking speed lowest 20% (<0.8 m/s) Activity lowest 20% (<270 kcal/wk women, <383 kcal/wk men); sitting/lying most of day Meets 3/5 criteria
45
What is a decrease in grip strength associated with?
Every 5 kg (11 pound) decrease in grip strength associated with 17% increase in all cause mortality
46
Strength
ability to generate force
47
Power:
time rate of force development
48
Overload:
If too much stress is placed on a tissue, then it is susceptible to injury or even death
49
Underload:
If too little stress is placed on a tissue, then the tissue loses its ability to adapt to stresses; it atrophies.
50
ACSM Strength Guidelines
60-70% of 1 RM for novice 80-100% of 1RM for advanced 1-3 sets 8-12 reps for novice 2-6 sets 1-8 reps for advanced
51
ACSM Power Guidelines
Light load preferred, 0-60% of 1RM | 1-3 sets of 3-6 reps
52
ACSM Frequency Guidelines:
Novice: 2-3 days/week Advanced: 4-6 days/week
53
Overtraining:
Avoid substantial jumps in workload | Progress 2-10% of weight when can exceed by 1-2 reps current workload
54
TUG cutoff for fall risk
13.5 seconds
55
10 meter walk test cut off
0.8 m/s
56
5 time sit to stand cutoff
15 seconds or greater
57
Activities Balance Confidence Scale cutoff for fall risk
less than 80%
58
6 min walk test 60-69 YOM
572 meters
59
6 min walk test 60-69 YOF
538 meters
60
6 min walk test 70-79 YOM
527 meters
61
6 min walk test 70-79 YOF
471 meters
62
6 min walk test 80-89 YOM
417 meters
63
6 min walk test 80-89 YOF
392 meters

Geriatrics (17 decks)

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