Ambulation

Question 1

Normal BOS for gait?

Answer 1

2-4 inches

Question 2

Typical Gait Changes in Older Adults

Answer 2

Decreased gait speed
Decreased step or stride length
Decreased excursion of movement at hip, knee, and ankle
Increased variability of gait
Increased stance time and double-limb support time

Question 3

Percentage of stance time during gait?

Answer 3

60%

Question 4

Percentage of swing time during gait?

Answer 4

40%

Question 5

What is active during initial contact (heel strike)?

Answer 5

quads

pretibial muscles eccentrically (contro foot slap)

Question 6

What is active during loading response?

Answer 6

gastro and soleus muscles
eccentrically control tibial advancement
0-10% of gait

Question 7

Midstance:

Answer 7

10-30% of cycle

Question 8

Hip extensors during midstance:

Answer 8

control forward motion of the trunk

Question 9

Hip abductors during midstance:

Answer 9

stabilize the pelvis during unilateral stance

Question 10

Hip, knee and ankle extensors during midstance:

Answer 10

oppose antigravity forces and stabilize the limb

Question 11

Terminal stance:

Answer 11

30-50% of gait cycle

Question 12

What has peak activity during terminal stance?

Answer 12

plantarflexors

occurs just after heel-off, to push off and generate forward propulsion of the body

Question 13

Preswing:

Answer 13

50-60% of gait cycle

Question 14

What contribute to forward propulsion during preswing?

Answer 14

Hip and knee extensors (hamstrings and quads)

Question 15

Initial swing (toe off)

Answer 15

60-73%

Question 16

What is forward acceleration of limb achieved by?

Answer 16

the action of the quadriceps

hip flexors also aid in forward propulsion

Question 17

Midswing:

Answer 17

73-87% of gait cycle

Question 18

What is foot clearance achieved by?

Answer 18

contraction of the hip and knee flexors and the ankle dorsiflexors

Question 19

Terminal swing

Answer 19

87-100%

Question 20

What decelarate the limb to prepare for heel strike?

Answer 20

hamstring

Question 21

What becomes late active late in swing?

Answer 21

quadriceps and ankle dorsiflexors: prepare for heel strike

Question 22

Hip ROM requirements for gait:

Answer 22

30 flexion

10 extension

Question 23

Knee ROM requirements for gait:

Answer 23

0-60 flexion

Question 24

Ankle ROM requirements for gait:

Answer 24

20 plantarflexion

10 DF

Question 25

GRF initial contact:

Answer 25

in front of knee

Question 26

GRF loading response:

Answer 26

behind knee

Question 27

GRF midstance

Answer 27

in front of knee

Question 28

GRF terminal stance

Answer 28

in front of knee

Question 29

GRF preswing

Answer 29

behind knee