Ambulation Flashcards
Normal BOS for gait?
2-4 inches
Typical Gait Changes in Older Adults
Decreased gait speed
Decreased step or stride length
Decreased excursion of movement at hip, knee, and ankle
Increased variability of gait
Increased stance time and double-limb support time
Percentage of stance time during gait?
60%
Percentage of swing time during gait?
40%
What is active during initial contact (heel strike)?
quads
pretibial muscles eccentrically (contro foot slap)
What is active during loading response?
gastro and soleus muscles
eccentrically control tibial advancement
0-10% of gait
Midstance:
10-30% of cycle
Hip extensors during midstance:
control forward motion of the trunk
Hip abductors during midstance:
stabilize the pelvis during unilateral stance
Hip, knee and ankle extensors during midstance:
oppose antigravity forces and stabilize the limb
Terminal stance:
30-50% of gait cycle
What has peak activity during terminal stance?
plantarflexors
occurs just after heel-off, to push off and generate forward propulsion of the body
Preswing:
50-60% of gait cycle
What contribute to forward propulsion during preswing?
Hip and knee extensors (hamstrings and quads)
Initial swing (toe off)
60-73%
What is forward acceleration of limb achieved by?
the action of the quadriceps
hip flexors also aid in forward propulsion
Midswing:
73-87% of gait cycle
What is foot clearance achieved by?
contraction of the hip and knee flexors and the ankle dorsiflexors
Terminal swing
87-100%
What decelarate the limb to prepare for heel strike?
hamstring
What becomes late active late in swing?
quadriceps and ankle dorsiflexors: prepare for heel strike
Hip ROM requirements for gait:
30 flexion
10 extension
Knee ROM requirements for gait:
0-60 flexion
Ankle ROM requirements for gait:
20 plantarflexion
10 DF
GRF initial contact:
in front of knee
GRF loading response:
behind knee
GRF midstance
in front of knee
GRF terminal stance
in front of knee
GRF preswing
behind knee
