Impaired posture

Question 1

Static

Answer 1

alignment of body segments to maintain a selected position in space

Question 2

Dynamic

Answer 2

ability to appropriately control and maintain a well-aligned upright posture while moving the body in space.

Question 3

Optimal

Answer 3

ideal alignment in which positioning is centered and relaxed for all joints of the body

Question 4

APTA posture definition:

Answer 4

the alignment and positioning of the body in relation to gravity, center of mass, and base of support.”

Question 5

Forward Head Posture

Answer 5

Tight suboccipitals
Weak cervical flexors
Head is in front of line of gravity

Question 6

When does thoracic kyphosis increase?

Answer 6

after 40 years of age

Question 7

Thoracic kyphosis:

Answer 7

Significant correlations between fall risk and kyphosis
Hyperkyphosis is commonly observed in older adults, particularly women
Clinical association between kyphosis and osteoporosis and vertebral fractures

Question 8

What is an independent predictor of vertebral fracture?

Answer 8

A loss of the lumbar curve

Question 9

At what age does height start to change?

Answer 9

45

Question 10

Height changes over lifetime:

Answer 10

Decrease of ~0.1% per year in women and ~0.02% in men&raquo_space; 2” lost over a lifetime

Question 11

Flat tire:

Answer 11

Structural changes start occurring to the intervertebral discs

Question 12

Discussion of muscle and soft tissue changes as seen in aging

Answer 12

Decreased water, elastin, and proteoglycan content with increased age&raquo_space; more prone to injury
Increased cross-links between adjacent tropocollagen molecules contribute to increased stiffness, decreased maximal length
Abnormal muscle elongation leads to increased number of sarcomeres and ability to develop maximum tension only in more lengthened position

Question 13

Common chronic conditions of the musculoskeletal system associated with postural alignments with age

Answer 13

Osteoporosis
Spinal osteoarthritis
Spinal stenosis

Question 14

Osteoporosis

Answer 14

a systematic skeletal disease characterized by a low bone mass and a microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture

Question 15

Osteoporosis estimates:

Answer 15

Estimates: 50% of women, 20% of men who reach 50 years of age will have a fragility fracture in their remaining lifetime

Question 16

Most common of the spine:

Answer 16

anterior vertebral body fractures which may or may not be diagnosed

Question 17

Spinal Osteoarthritis

Answer 17

Increasingly common with advancing age

Vertebral wedge deformity is very common in those with spinal OA

Question 18

Why does spinal stenosis occur?

Answer 18

Hypertrophy of spinal ligaments
OA
Disc degeneration

Question 19

Problematic movement for osteoporosis?

Answer 19

flexion with resistance

Question 20

Therapeutic Exercise to correct faults

Answer 20

Core strengthening
Extremity postural exercise
Specific stretches for trunk and extremities
Conditioning and endurance exercise