Week 5 lecture

Question 1

What are the types of social needs?

Answer 1

1. Need for achievement
2. Need for affiliation
3. Need for power

Question 2

What are social needs?

Answer 2

An acquired psychological process that grows out of one’s socialisation history that activates emotional responses to a particular NEED-RELEVANT INCENTIVE

Question 3

What are the social incentives that activate each respective need?

Answer 3

Achievement - Show personal competence
Affiliation - Please others and gain approval. Involvemt in warm and secure r/s.
Power - Having impact on others

Question 4

What is the need for achievement?

Answer 4

Desire to do well relative to a standard of excellence

Question 5

What is a standard of excellence?

Answer 5

Any change to a person’s sense of competence that ends with an objective outcome of success vs. failure, win vs. lose, right vs. wrong

Question 6

What is the difference between high-need vs. low-need achievers?

Answer 6

Approach-oriented vs. avoidance oriented emotions, behaviour

Differences in choice, latency, effort, persistence, and willingness to take personal responsibility for successes & failures

Question 7

What are the origins of achievement need?

Answer 7

Socialisation influences provided by PARENTS (developmental history of success/failure)

Standard of excellence

Question 8

What are some socialisation influences provided by parents which affects one’s need for achievement?

Answer 8

• Independence training
• High performance aspirations
• Realistic and explicit standards of excellence
• High ability self-concepts
• Positive valuing of achievemt-related pursuits
• Wide scope of experiences e.g. travelling
• Exposure to children’s readings rich in achievemt imagery

Question 9

Describe Atkinson’s Model.

Answer 9

Tendency to achieve (Ta) = Tendency to Approach Success (Ts) - Tendency to Avoid Failure (Taf)

Ts = Ms x Ps x Is = Motive to success x Perceived prob. of success x Incentive value of success

Taf = Maf x Pf x If = Motive to avoid failure x Perceived prob of failure (1-Ps) x Negative incentive value of failure (1-Is)

Question 10

Perceived probability of success (Ps) is a function of…

Answer 10

Perceived task difficulty & perceived ability at task

More difficult -> Lower Ps
Higher self-efficacy -> Higher Ps

Question 11

Describe the Dynamics-of-Action Model.

Answer 11

Instigation (Ts)
- Approach tendencies

Inhibition (Taf)
- Avoidance tendencies

Consummation
- Performing an activity brings about its own cessation

Question 12

What are the streams of behaviour for people high and low in Ms and Maf?

Answer 12

1. Shorter latency
2. More persistent
3. Switching to a non-achievement task occurs with rising consumption

Question 13

What are the conditions that involve and satisfy the need for achievement?

Answer 13

1. Competition
2. Moderate difficulty
3. Entrepreneurship

Question 14

What is the duality of affiliation motivation?

Answer 14

1. Affiliation Need

2. Intimacy Need

Question 15

What is the affiliation need?

Answer 15

Deficiency-oriented motive

Arises from deprivation from social interaction: social isolation, rejection, fear

Need satisfying: Social acceptance, approval, reassurance

Question 16

What is the intimacy need?

Answer 16

Growth-oriented motive

Arises from interpersonal caring, warmth, love

Need satisfying: Relatedness within a warm, close, reciprocal and enduring r/s

Question 17

What is the need for power?

Answer 17

Desire to have “impact, control, or influence over another person, group, or the world at large”

To establish, maintain and expand power

Question 18

What are the conditions that involve/satisfy power need?

Answer 18

• Leadership
• Aggressiveness and alcohol drinking
• Influential occupations
• Prestige possessions

Question 19

How does power and goal pursuit relate?

Answer 19

Power increases approach tendencies

Easier to attain goal