Week 5 lecture Flashcards
What are the types of social needs?
- Need for achievement
- Need for affiliation
- Need for power
What are social needs?
An acquired psychological process that grows out of one’s socialisation history that activates emotional responses to a particular NEED-RELEVANT INCENTIVE
What are the social incentives that activate each respective need?
Achievement - Show personal competence
Affiliation - Please others and gain approval. Involvemt in warm and secure r/s.
Power - Having impact on others
What is the need for achievement?
Desire to do well relative to a standard of excellence
What is a standard of excellence?
Any change to a person’s sense of competence that ends with an objective outcome of success vs. failure, win vs. lose, right vs. wrong
What is the difference between high-need vs. low-need achievers?
Approach-oriented vs. avoidance oriented emotions, behaviour
Differences in choice, latency, effort, persistence, and willingness to take personal responsibility for successes & failures
What are the origins of achievement need?
Socialisation influences provided by PARENTS (developmental history of success/failure)
Standard of excellence
What are some socialisation influences provided by parents which affects one’s need for achievement?
- Independence training
- High performance aspirations
- Realistic and explicit standards of excellence
- High ability self-concepts
- Positive valuing of achievemt-related pursuits
- Wide scope of experiences e.g. travelling
- Exposure to children’s readings rich in achievemt imagery
Describe Atkinson’s Model.
Tendency to achieve (Ta) = Tendency to Approach Success (Ts) - Tendency to Avoid Failure (Taf)
Ts = Ms x Ps x Is = Motive to success x Perceived prob. of success x Incentive value of success
Taf = Maf x Pf x If = Motive to avoid failure x Perceived prob of failure (1-Ps) x Negative incentive value of failure (1-Is)
Perceived probability of success (Ps) is a function of…
Perceived task difficulty & perceived ability at task
More difficult -> Lower Ps
Higher self-efficacy -> Higher Ps
Describe the Dynamics-of-Action Model.
Instigation (Ts)
- Approach tendencies
Inhibition (Taf)
- Avoidance tendencies
Consummation
- Performing an activity brings about its own cessation
What are the streams of behaviour for people high and low in Ms and Maf?
- Shorter latency
- More persistent
- Switching to a non-achievement task occurs with rising consumption
What are the conditions that involve and satisfy the need for achievement?
- Competition
- Moderate difficulty
- Entrepreneurship
What is the duality of affiliation motivation?
- Affiliation Need
2. Intimacy Need
What is the affiliation need?
Deficiency-oriented motive
Arises from deprivation from social interaction: social isolation, rejection, fear
Need satisfying: Social acceptance, approval, reassurance
What is the intimacy need?
Growth-oriented motive
Arises from interpersonal caring, warmth, love
Need satisfying: Relatedness within a warm, close, reciprocal and enduring r/s
What is the need for power?
Desire to have “impact, control, or influence over another person, group, or the world at large”
To establish, maintain and expand power
What are the conditions that involve/satisfy power need?
- Leadership
- Aggressiveness and alcohol drinking
- Influential occupations
- Prestige possessions
How does power and goal pursuit relate?
Power increases approach tendencies
Easier to attain goal
