Week 2 lecture Flashcards
What are psychological needs?
An inherent source of motivation that generates the desire to interact with the envmt to advance personal growth, social dvlpmt, & psychological well-being
What are the assumptions of an organismic approach to psychological needs?
- People are inherently active – seek out challenges
2. Person-envmt dialectic – person & envmt are dynamically interacting w/ e/o
What is the person-envmt dialectic?
In dialectic, the relationship b/w person & envmt is RECIPROCAL (2-way)
- Person and envmt act on each other
Both person and envmt CONSTANTLY CHANGE
What is autonomy?
Psychological need to experience SELF-DIRECTION & PERSONAL ENDORSEMENT in initiation, reuglation of one’s behaviour
What are the three subjective qualities within the experience of autonomy?
- Internal (vs. external) perceived locus of causality
- Volition (Feeling free)
- Perceived choice over one’s actions
What is the conundrum of autonomy?
Not all choices promote autonomy
What is relatedness?
Psychological need to establish close emotional bonds, attachments with other people
What are the evolutionary basis of the relatedness need?
- Interdependence to help grow food
- Collective efforts to hunt, share food
- Protecting children to allow reproductive of genes
- Emotional support to get through crises
- Sharing of resources
- Mutual protection in a group
What is competence?
Psychological need to be effective in interactions with envmt, to reflect one’s desire to exercise, and extend capacities & skills, and to seek out and master optimal challenges
What is flow?
- State of concentration that involves a HOLISTIC ABSORPTION and DEEP INVOLVEMENT in an activity
What is the IKEA effect?
Ppl show increased valuation for self-assembled prdt compared to objectively similar products which they did not assemble it
How are the 3 needs related?
- The three needes go hand in hand
- Feelings of competence will not enhance intrinsic motiv unless accompanied by a sense of autonomy
What are the characteristics of intrinsic motivation’?
- Autonomy, competence, relatedness
- Based heavily on psych needs
- Comes from SATISFACTION of psych needs
- Such psych needs are EVER-PRESENT (not situationally induced)
- Greater persistence of activity/task
What is the Self-Determination Theory (SDT)?
- A theory about ppl’s inherent growth tendencies and innate psych needs that form the basis for their self-motivation
- Identify the needs for autonomy, competence, & relatedness to be essential for optimal functioning, growth, social dvlpment, & personal wellbeing
- Concern not only w ppl’s positive dvlpmtal tendencies, but also social envmtal factors that are antagonistic towards these tendencies
What are the sub-theories under the Self-Determination Theory (SDT)?
- Cognitive Evaluation Theory (CET)
- Organismic Integration Theory (OIT)
What is the Cognitive Evaluation Theory (CET)?
- Specify factors (e.g. feedback, rewards) that FACILITATE VS. UNDERMINE intrinsic motivation
- External events have a CONTROLLING aspect or an INFORMATIONAL aspect
- Focus on psych needs for AUTONOMY & COMPETENCE
What are the propositions under Cognitive Evaluation Theory (CET)?
Events that CONTROL vs. offer CHOICE (autonomy)
Events that provide POSITIVE vs. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK (competence)
Controlling but positive feedback - RELATIVE SALIENCE
How do external events affect motivation?
Events that CONTROL vs. offer CHOICE
- Promote EXTERNAL vs. INTERNAL perceived locus of causality
- NEGLECT vs. SATISFY need for autonomy
- Promote EXTRINSIC vs. INTRINSIC motivation
How does feedback affect motivation?
Events that provide POSITIVE vs. NEGATIVE feedback
- INCREASE vs. DECREASE perceived competence
- SATISFY vs. NEGLECT need for competence
- Promote INTRINSIC vs. EXTRINSIC motivation
What is the Organismic Integration Theory (OIT)?
- Internalisation
- Integration
What is internalisation?
Process through which indiv. transforms a formerly externally prescribed behaviour into an internally endorsed one
What is integration?
Process of further transformation through which internalised behaviour becomes part of a person’s sense of self
What are the regulatory styles under Organismic Integration Theory (OIT)?
Amotivation:
Non-regulation
Extrinsic motivation:
External regulation - Introjected Regulation - Identified Regulation - Integrated regulation
Intrinsic motivation:
Intrinsic regulation
