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LFS103 > Week 5 Lecture > Flashcards

Week 5 Lecture Flashcards

0
Q

Does selective transport use energy?

A

No energy required so it is passive.

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1
Q

What are the two types of transport?

A

Selective and active transport.

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2
Q

What are examples of selective transport?

A

Osmosis and diffusion.

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3
Q

What may help selective transport?

A

It may be facilitated.

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4
Q

What does active transport use?

A

ATP

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5
Q

What are examples of active transport?

A

Co-transport and bulk transport.

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6
Q

What is tonicity?

A

One solution in reference to another solution.

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7
Q

What are the three levels of tonicity?

A

Hypotonic, isotonic, hypertonic

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8
Q

What is hypotonic?

A

Low concentration.

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9
Q

What is hypertonic?

A

High concentration.

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10
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Random movement of molecules.

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11
Q

What kind of transport is diffusion?

A

Passive transport.

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12
Q

How do molecules move during diffusion

A

Movement down the concentration gradient (from high to low)

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13
Q

What is a hypertonic cell during osmosis?

A

Water moves out and the cell shrinks (crenation)

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14
Q

What is a hypotonic cell during osmosis?

A

Water in and the cell swells (lysis)

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15
Q

How was water facilitated?

A

Aquaporins (water pores) speed up water movement.

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16
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Movement of water from a high solution to water solution.

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17
Q

What is carrier-mediated transport?

A

It is helped by proteins (channel and carrier).

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18
Q

What type of transport is facilitated diffusion?

A

Still passive.

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19
Q

What is vesicular transport?

A

Requires ATP

20
Q

What are the three types of endocytosis?

A

Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor mediated endocytosis.

21
Q

What is phagocytosis used for?

A

Solid, large particles

22
Q

What is pinocytosis used for?

A

Liquid or small particles.

23
Q

What are the steps in endocytosis?

A

Substances enter the cell, membrane forms vesicle called endosome, it is specific and non specific.

24
Q

What is exocytosis used for?

A

The export of excretory products.

25
Q

How does cell division start?

A

Single cell. Ova is fertilised by sperm.

26
Q

What are cells like during initial divisions?

A

Undifferianted.

27
Q

How many cells does an adult have?

A

75 trillion cells.

28
Q

What is the life of a cell?

A

Limited but always less than the life of an organism.

29
Q

Why do cells wear out?

A

Chemicals, temperature changes, physical stresses, programmed death.

30
Q

What is the cell cycle?

A

Period of time from origin of cell to division of cell into daughter cells.

31
Q

What are the two types of cell division?

A

Mitosis and meiosis.

32
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Produces daughter cells with genes identical to parent cells.

33
Q

What is meiosis?

A

Produces daughter cells with half the genetic complement of parent cell.

34
Q

What is interphase?

A

Normal cell functions, preparation for cell division.

35
Q

What occurs in G1?

A

Protein synthesis and growth, makes all the organelles for two cells.

36
Q

What is S?

A

DNA strands unwinds DNA replicated.

37
Q

What is G2?

A

Increased organelles.

38
Q

What are somatic cells?

A

Diploid.

39
Q

How many chromosomes do gametes have?

A

Haploid.

40
Q

What is karotype?

A

The set of chromosomes.

41
Q

What occurs in prophase?

A

Chromatin in the nucleus coils up and condenses into identical sister chromatids joined by centromeres. These move to poles and produce micro tubules that form asters and spindle fibres. Nucleolus disappears.

42
Q

What occurs in pro metaphase?

A

Nuclear envelope disaggregated, spindle fibres formed, kinetochore fibres (microtubules) bind to kinetochores in chromsomes, chromosomes condense further.

43
Q

What occurs in actual metaphase?

A

Chromosomes maximally condensed, move to metaphase plate, kinetochores attach to microtubules.

44
Q

What is anaphase?

A

Sister chromatids separate to form chromosomes. Chromosomes migrate to opposite poles. Poles move apart, microtubules slide over one another, enlongating spindle.

45
Q

What is telophase?

A

Chromatin less coiled and chromsomes decondense. New nuclear envelope forms, surrounding each group of chromosomes, Nucleolus reforms, cytokinesis begins.

46
Q

When does cytokinesis occur?

A

It occurs in late mitosis.

47
Q

What occurs in cytokinesis?

A

Actin filaments form contractile ring that pulls plasma membrane and constricts cells.

48
Q

What is the result of cytokinesis?

A

Daughter cells

LFS103 (9 decks)

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