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anatomy > WEEK 5 - Kindeyse, Bladder and Male and Female Pelvis > Flashcards

WEEK 5 - Kindeyse, Bladder and Male and Female Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

location of the kidneys

A

lie on the posterior abdominal wall either side of the spinal column

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2
Q

important posterior relations of the kidneys

A

quadratus lumborum muscle

11th and 12th ribs

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3
Q

describe the path of the ureters

A

run down the posterior abdominal wall to enter the pelvis where they drain into the bladder

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4
Q

what are found at the super medial borders of the kidneys

A

the suprarenal glands

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5
Q

what % cardiac output goes to the kidneys

A

25%

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6
Q

blood supply to the kidneys is via

A

single pair of renal arteries

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7
Q

what drains the kidney of blood, where is this blood returned to

A

renal vein

returned to the inferior vena cava

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8
Q

3 zones of the kidney

A

cortex
medulla
renal pelvis

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9
Q

structural and functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

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10
Q

where are cortical nephrons found

A

mainly in the cortex

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11
Q

junta-medullary nephrons

A

found at the junction between the medulla and the cortex

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12
Q

hormones produced by the suprarenal glands

A

adrenaline
aldosterone
cortisol

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13
Q

what are suprarenal glands

A

endocrine glands found at the super medial border of the kidneys

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14
Q

what is the quadratus lumborum muscle ?

A

deepest abdominal muscle

located in your lower back either side of the lumbar spine. starts with lowest rib, ends at top of pelvis

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15
Q

psoas major muscle

A

part of illiopsoas muscle, strongest hip flexor

originates from 1st to 4th lumbar vertebrae

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16
Q

cura of the diaphragm

A

2 tendinous structures that extend below the diaphragm to the vertebral column

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17
Q

common iliac artery

A

2 large arteries originate from aortic bifurcation at 4th lumbar vertebrae

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18
Q

external iliac artery

A

proceeds anterior and inferior along medial border of posts major muscles

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19
Q

external oblique aponeurosis

A

runs down centre of abdomen, starts at bottom of ribs, ends at pubis
runs crosswise to attach obliques to other abdominal muscles

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20
Q

internal oblique aponeurosis

A

divides into anterior and posterior layers which pass infant and behind the rectus muscle to reach the linea alba

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21
Q

transverse abdominal muscle

A

muscle layer of the anterior and lateral abdominal wall, deep to internal oblique muscle
acts to compress abdominal contents

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22
Q

pubic tubercle

A

forward projecting tubercle on upper border of superior rectus of the pubis.
Attaches to inguinal ligaments

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23
Q

anterior spine of the ileum

A

bony projection from iliac bone
refers to anterior extremity of the iliac crest of the pelvis
provides attachment for the inguinal ligaments and sartorius muscle

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24
Q

inguinal ligament

A

band running from the pubic tubercle to the anterior superior iliac spine
forms the base of the inguinal canal - through which a hernia may occur

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25
Q

conjoint tendon

A

formed from lower aponeurosis of internal oblique muscle and transverse abdomens.
inserts into the crest of the pubis behind superficial inguinal ring

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26
Q

superficial inguinal ring

A

triangular opening, forms exit of the inguinal canal

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27
Q

deep inguinal ring

A

found above midpoint of the inguinal ligament, lateral to epigastric vessels
created by transverse fascia, which invaginate to from covering of contents of inguinal canal

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28
Q

spermatic cord

A

formed by vas deferent and surrounding tissue from the deep inguinal ring

facilitates passage of semen

29
Q

what are the membranes surround the testes derived from

A

anterior abdominal wall

30
Q

what is the epididymis

A

coiled tube which matures the seems and sends to the vas deferens

31
Q

describe location of vas deferens

A

runs along back of testes

32
Q

function of vas deferens during ejaculation

A

contraction propelling the sperm into the urethra picking up secretions from accessory sex glands

33
Q

where are the sperm formed

A

in the seminiferous tubes

34
Q

what is the tunica albuginea

A

white/grey fibrous envelope of the carpora cavernosa and corpus spongeosum that covers the testes

helps to trap blood in the corpus cavernosa

35
Q

what is the tunica vaginalis

A

pouch membrane which covers the albuginea

36
Q

what is the cremastic fascia

A

fascia in scrotum, allows testicles to be pulled towards the body when cold/injured

37
Q

where does the bladder lie in females

A

anterior to the uterus in front of the pelvis

38
Q

describe the bladder in relation to the peritoneum

A

the bladder is subperitoneal

39
Q

what does the male bladder lie above

A

above and behind the pubic bone

40
Q

What occurs as a reuslt of parasympathetic stimulation of the bladder

A

detrusor muscle (urinary bladder wall) to contract and simultaneously relax the internal sphincter muscle between the bladder and the urethra, allowing the bladder to void.

41
Q

What occurs as a result of sympathetic stimulation of the bladder

A

increase capacity

42
Q

The male hemi pelvis contains the

A 
proximal half of vas deferens
seminal vesicles
prostate gland
urethra
rectum
bladder 
pelvic diaphragm
43
Q

Where do visceral structures receive their parasympathetic supply from

A

from the pelvic splanchnic nerves - part of the sacral parasympathetic outflow

44
Q

Where do visceral structures receive their sympathetic supply from

A

from sympathetic hypogastric plexus

45
Q

Where do most of the strcutures of the pelvis recieve their blood supply from

A

branches of the internal iliac artery

however rectum from inferior mesenteric artery

46
Q

pubic symphysis

A

secondary cartilaginous joints made of hyaline cartilage,

located between left and right pubic bones near midline of body

47
Q

trigone of bladder

A

smooth triangular region of the internal urinary bladder formed by the uretic orifices

48
Q

what is the trigone bladder sensitive to

A

expansion, once stretched to a degree, urinary bladder signals brain of its need to empty

49
Q

ureter

A

runs through centre of prostate from bladder to the pelvis

50
Q

prostate gland

A

located between bladder and pelvis, infant of rectum

secretes fluid that nourishes and protects sperm

51
Q

seminal vesicle

A

secretes fluid, increases alkalinity

posteroinferior to the urinary bladder

52
Q

internal iliac artery

A

supplies blood to viscera of penis, pelvic walls, external genitalia, perineum, bottom and medial thigh

53
Q

corpus cavernosa

A

two masses of erectile tissue

54
Q

corpus spongiosum

A

erectile tissue terminating in the glans

55
Q

penile urethra

A

longest part of male urethra

56
Q

glans penis

A

tip of penis in the middle is opening of urethra

57
Q

major nerve of penis

A

autonomic innervation from sympathetic hypogastric plexus and parasympathetic innervation via the pelvic splanchnic nerves

58
Q

labia majus

A

2 folds of skin that extend from the mons pubis downwards and backwards to merge with skin of the perineum.
forms lateral borders of the vulval cleft

59
Q

labia minus

A

2 small folds of skin, extends backwards on each side of opening of vagina
lie either side of labia majus

60
Q

cervix

A

narrow passage forming lower end of uterus

61
Q

external os

A

opening into the vagina

62
Q

uterus

A

hollow muscular organ located in the female pelvis between bladder and rectum
once eggs leave ovaries they are fertilised and implanted in the uterus

63
Q

ovary

A

produce oocytes and reproductive hormones

travel down Fallopian tubes into uterus

64
Q

Fallopian tube

A

pair of tubes along which transports ova from scary to uterus

65
Q

broad ligament

A

double fold of peritoneum contains Fallopian tubes

66
Q

uterosacral ligament.

A

support uterus within pelvic cavity

bi-lateral fibrous bands, attach cervix to sacrum

67
Q

ovarian ligament

A

fibrous ligament connecting ovary to lateral surface of uterus

68
Q

suspensory ligament

A

connects ovary to side of uterus
lies within broad ligament
joins uterus bellow Fallopian tubes
extends outwards from ovary to lateral abdominal wall

anatomy (5 decks)

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