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anatomy > week 3 - abdominal wall and intestines > Flashcards

week 3 - abdominal wall and intestines Flashcards

1
Q

number of layers of the muscle lining of the abdominal wall

A

3

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2
Q

name of the muscle that spans the anterior abdominal wall

A

rectus abdominis

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3
Q

3 muscles that line the lateral wall of the abdomen

A

external obliques
internal obliques
transverse obliques

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4
Q

rectus abdominis

A

muscle spanning the anterior abdominal wall

inserts at 5,6,7 costal cartilages

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5
Q

linea alba

A

central band of fibrous tissue, runs down the midline of the anterior abdominal wall

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6
Q

central band of fibrous tissue, runs down the midline of the anterior abdominal wall

A

linea alba

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7
Q

external oblique muscle

A

outermost abdominal muscle, extends down from lower ribs (5-12) to the pelvis.

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8
Q

direction of external oblique muscle fibres

A

direction as if you were to put your hands in your pockets, diagonally downward from lateral to medial

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9
Q

external oblique aponeurosis

A

anterior aponeurosis of external oblique contributes to the anterior wall of the rectus sheath

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10
Q

where does the internal oblique muscle arise

A

lumbar fascia and the iliac crest and lateral 2/3 of the inguinal ligament

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11
Q

direction of internal oblique fibres

A

upwards at 90 degrees to external oblique fibres

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12
Q

what do the internal oblique fibres apnoneurose with

A

aponeurosis of the transverse to form the conjoint tendon

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13
Q

where does the transverse oblique muscle arise

A

inner surface of the lower 6 ribs, lumbar fascia, iliac crest and lateral 1/3rd of inguinal ligament

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14
Q

superior epigastric artery

A

blood vessel that carries oxy blood

supplies the anterior skin of the abdomen

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15
Q

where does the superior epigastric artery arise

A

the internal thoracic artery

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16
Q

inferior epigastric artery

A

supplies anterior abdominal wall muscles

anastomoses with the superior epigastric

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17
Q

where does the inferior epigastric artery arise

A

arises from the external iliac artery

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18
Q

nerves that supply the anterior wall are provided by what thoracic vertebrae

A

T8 - L3

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19
Q

white fibrous sheet covering the rectus abdomini

A

aporneurosis of the external abdominal obliques

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20
Q

3 parts of the small intestine proximal to distal

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

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21
Q

the ____ forms a c-shaped loop

A

Duodenum

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22
Q

parts of the large intestine beginning and the oleo-caecal valve

A 
Caecum
Ascending colon
Hepatic flexure
Transverse colon
Splenic flexure
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
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23
Q

3 branches of the abdominal aorta which supply the gut

A

coeliac trunk
superior mesenteric artery
inferior mesenteric artery

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24
Q

what does the coeliac trunk supply

A

foregut - up to the halfway point of the duodenum

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25
Q

what part of the gut does the SMA supply

A

the midgut - second half of duodenum to 2/3 the way of the transverse colon
(duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, ascending colon, transverse)

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26
Q

what part of the gut does the IMA supply

A

the hind gut - from 2/3 of the way of the transverse colon to the rectum
(transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum)

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27
Q

the 3 salivary glands

A

parotid gland
sublingual gland
sub mandibular gland

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28
Q

what pleura lines the organs

A

visceral

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29
Q

pleura lining the ribcage

A

parietal

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30
Q

where does the rectus abdomens run from and to

A

runs from the diploid process to the pubic crest

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31
Q

functions of the rectus abdominus

A

respiration, coughing and sneezing
urination, defamation and childbirth
lifting heavy objects

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32
Q

top right region of the abdomen

A

right hypochondriac

33
Q

top middle region of the abdomen

A

epigastric

34
Q

top left region of the abdomen

A

left hypochondriac

35
Q

middle right region of the abdomen

A

right lumbar

36
Q

middle central region of the abdomen

A

umbilical

37
Q

middle left region of the abdomen

A

left lumbar

38
Q

bottom right region of the abdomen

A

right iliac fossa

39
Q

bottom middle region of the abdomen

A

hypogastric region

40
Q

bottom left region of the abdomen

A

left iliac fossa

41
Q

2 vertical lines separating the abdomen

A

mid clavicular

originate half way along the clavicles

42
Q

superior horizontal line dividing abdomen

A

Trans-pyloric plane

43
Q

where are the plicate circulars found

A

mucous membrane of the small intestine - increase SA

44
Q

greater omentum

A

hangs down from the greater curvature of the stomach, folds back on itself where it attaches to the transverse colon
contains many lymph nodes

45
Q

shape of the stomach

A

J-shaped

46
Q

2 borders and surfaces of the stomach

A

greater and lesser curvatures

anterior and posterior

47
Q

most proximal portion of the small intestines

A

duodenum

48
Q

how many parts are the of the duodenum

A

4 parts

49
Q

properties of the jejunum

A

thick wall
longer vasa recta
less arcades

50
Q

properties of the ileum

A

thin wall
short vasa recta
more arcades
pink

51
Q

what is the appendix connected to

A

the caecum

52
Q

what is the ascending colon

A

start of colon
retroperitineal structure
ascends superiorly
turns 90 degrees at robe lobe of liver

53
Q

transverse colon

A

extends from the right colic flexure to the spleen, turns 90 degrees to point inferiorly
is intraperitoneal

54
Q

descending colon

A

moves inferiorly towards pelvis

retroperitoneal

55
Q

sigmoid colon

A

40cm long
lower left quadrant of abdomen
S-shape
attached to posterior pelvic wall by mesentery

56
Q

mesentery of small intestine

A

double fold of peritoneal tissue
attaches to the back of abdominal wall
blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics branch through mesentery to supply to the intestine

57
Q

what is found in the ileum

A

payers patches

58
Q

what are payers patches

A

small masses of lymphatic tissue

59
Q

difference between jejunal and ileal arcades

A

jejunum has less

60
Q

3 external features of Large intestine

A

appendices epiplocia
taenae coli
haustrations

61
Q

appendices epiplocia

A

fat lobules - most abundant in sigmoid colon

62
Q

teanae coli

A

3 longitudinal bands of smooth muscle

63
Q

haustrations

A

repeated bulges

64
Q

what is Meckel’s diverticulum

A

bulge in lower SI

congenital, left over of umbilical cord

65
Q

what is the inferior mesenteric artery

A

last of the 3 branches of the aorta
arises at L3
retroperitineal

66
Q

what are the 3 branches of the IMA

A

left colic artery
sigmoid artery
superior renal artery

67
Q

left colic artery

A

supplies distal 1/3rd of the transverse colon and the descending colon

68
Q

sigmoid artery

A

supply descending colon and sigmoid colon

69
Q

superior renal artery

A

supplies rectum

continuation of IMA

70
Q

where does the abdominal aorta arise and end

A

continuation of thoracic aorta at T12

ends at L4 where it bifurcates into right and left common iliac arteries

71
Q

most superior anterior branch of abdominal aorta

A

celiac trunk

72
Q

What is the middle anterior branch of the abdominal aorta

A

SMA

73
Q

What is the most inferior anterior branch of the abdominal aorta

A

IMA

74
Q

branches of the SMA

A

middle colic artery
right colic artery
ileocolic artery
jejunal and ill arteries

75
Q

branches of the celiac trunk

A

left gastric
common hepatic
splenic

76
Q

branches of the IMA

A

left colic artery, sigmoid artery and superior rectal artery

77
Q

what are vasa recta

A

series of straight capillaries

78
Q

lesser omentum

A

double layer of peritoneum that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach (hepatogastric ligament) and the first part of the duodenum

anatomy (5 decks)

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