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anatomy > week 1 - chest and lungs > Flashcards

week 1 - chest and lungs Flashcards

1
Q

how many ribs are there

A

12

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2
Q

what are the true ribs

A

ribs 1-7

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3
Q

why are they true ribs

A

they attach directly to the sternum

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4
Q

what are the false ribs

A

ribs 8,9,10

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5
Q

why are they false ribs

A

they attach to the sternum via the costal cartilage

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6
Q

what are the floating ribs

A

ribs 11 + 12

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7
Q

why are they floating ribs

A

As they don’t articulate with the sternum

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8
Q

the first rib is

A

fixed

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9
Q

implications of first rib when intercostal muscles contract

A

all ribs pulled up apart from the 1st rib

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10
Q

order of arteries, veins and nerves in the costal groove

A

vein, arteries, nerves

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11
Q

the 3 parts of the sternum (superior - inferior)

A

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process

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12
Q

how to orientate a rib

A

look for the costal groove, this is the inferior side

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13
Q

bump at back of the vertebrae

A

dorsal spineous process

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14
Q

what happens to the xiphoid process when are an adult

A

is ossified

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15
Q

articulation of the uppermost 10 ribs

A

articulate anteriorly with the sternum and posteriorly with the vertebral column

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16
Q

sternal angle

A

where the manubrium and body of the sternum meet

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17
Q

3 intercostal muscles

A

external
inner
innermost

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18
Q

notch at top of sternum

A

jugular notch

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19
Q

2 notches either side of jugular notch

A

clavicular notch

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20
Q

innervation of the diaphragm

A

left and right phrenic nerve

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21
Q

how many lobes does the right lung have

A

3 lobes

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22
Q

how many lobes does the left lung have

A

2 lobes

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23
Q

why are there only 2 lobes on the left lung

A

less space on the left side due to the heart

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24
Q

where is the heart located

A

in the middle mediastinum

25
Q

at what thoracic level divides the superior mediastinum from the rest

A

t4/t5

26
Q

what occurs at t4/t5 level

A

marks the level of the transverse thoracic plane which divides the mediastinum into the superior and inferior mediastinum. It overlies the aortic arch on the left and the superior vena cava on the right. Ligamentum arteriosum attaches to the aortic arch.

27
Q

external intercostals

A

outer surface of ribs
downward direction
pill ribcage up and out
forced exhalation

28
Q

internal intercostals

A

sit at 90 degrees to EIM
go inwards and outwards
contract ribcage to decrease volume

29
Q

top part of the sternum

A

manubrium

30
Q

processes on vertebrae either side of the spinous process

A

transverse processes

31
Q

name of notch in ribs that carries veins, arteries and nerves

A

the costal groove

32
Q

function of ribs

A

protection, support, respiration

33
Q

what are the 3 levels of the diaphragm

A

sternal
costal
lumbar

34
Q

body of the sternum begins at what level

A

T4

35
Q

what pleura lines the lungs

A

visceral pleura

36
Q

what pleura lines the chest wall

A

parietal pleura

37
Q

what are the lobes of the right lung

A

upper
middle
lower

38
Q

what fissure separates the superior and middle lobe

A

horizontal fissure

39
Q

what fissure separates the middle and inferior lobe

A

oblique fissure

40
Q

lobes of left lung

A

upper

lower

41
Q

name of fissure on left lung

A

oblique fissure

42
Q

what is the hilum of the lung

A

found on the medial aspect of each lung
pulmonary arteries and veins
primary bronchi and bronchial arteries, and the pulmonary nerve plexuses and lymphatics.
enter and exit here

43
Q

at what level is the oblique fissure of the right lung

A

sixth rib

44
Q

at what level is the horizontal fissure of the right lung

A

4th rib

45
Q

what pierces the diaphragm

A

the inferior vena cava and phrenic nerve

46
Q

left phrenic nerve controls what side of the diaphragm

A

interior surface

47
Q

what separates thorax from the abdomen

A

the diaphragm

48
Q

where does the vagus nerve arise

A

the brainstem

49
Q

where does the vagus nerve enter the chest

A

from the neck close to the sides of the trachea and oesophagus

50
Q

function of the vagus nerve

A

Splits into 2
innervates muscles in the throat, innervates lungs and heart
provides contraction of smooth muscle in the trachea
continues down into abdomen

51
Q

where does the phrenic nerve arise

A

in the neck C3,4,5

52
Q

what is the lingula

A

tongue shaped region of the left lung

divided into 2 segments

53
Q

intercostal vein

A

drain area between ribs, called the intercostal space

divides into 2

54
Q

intercostal artery

A

gives rise to 1st and 2nd posterior intercostal arteries

supply blood to the corresponding intercostal space

55
Q

intercostal nerve

A

branches off the anterior divisions of the thoracic spinal nerves and innervates the thoracic and abdominal walls

56
Q

bucket handle

A

ribcage up and out, increases volume

57
Q

pump handle

A

pulling sternum up and out

anterior posterior action

58
Q

main bronchi location and function

A

start at 4th thoracic vertebrae

shuttle air to and from lungs

59
Q

bronchial arteries

A

carry oxygen blood to lungs

pressure 6x that of pulmonary arteries

anatomy (5 decks)

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