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anatomy > week 2 - heart and vessels > Flashcards

week 2 - heart and vessels Flashcards

1
Q

4 borders of the heart

A

superior border of left atria
superior border of right atria
apex of the heart
inferior border of right atria

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2
Q

location of superior border of left atria

A

lower border of second costal cartilage

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3
Q

location of superior border of right atria

A

upper border of 3rd costal cartilage

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4
Q

location of inferior border of right atria

A

upper border of 6th costal cartilage

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5
Q

location of the apex of the heart

A

5th left intercostal space, midclavicular line

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6
Q

why are the 4 corners locations clinically important

A

they are the 4 osculatory sites used for listening to heart sounds

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7
Q

what attaches the heart to the diaphragm

A

the pericardium

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8
Q

2 structures of the heart obvious on x-ray

A

arch of the aorta

apex

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9
Q

what are the other blood vessels Bettie seen on

A

an angiogram

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10
Q

major trunk of left ventricle

A

ascending aorta

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11
Q

branches of the arch of the aorta

A

branches into 3:

  • brachiocephalic trunk
  • left common carotid artery
  • left subclavian artery
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12
Q

brachiocephalic trunk

A

splits into the right common carotid and right subclavian arteries

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13
Q

subclavian arteries - location

A

located below the clavicle

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14
Q

right subclavian artery

A

supplies blood to the right arm, head and thorax

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15
Q

the right common carotid artery is a branch off the ?

A

brachiocephalic trunk

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16
Q

the right subclavian artery is a branch off ?

A

the brachiocephalic trunk

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17
Q

second branch off the aorta

A

the left common carotid artery

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18
Q

function of the left common carotid artery

A

supplies the brain, neck and face

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19
Q

third branch off the aorta

A

left subclavian artery

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20
Q

function of the left subclavian artery

A

supplies the left arm

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21
Q

brachiocephalic trunk is what branch

A

1st aortic branch

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22
Q

the left common carotid artery

A

2nd aortic branch.

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23
Q

right internal jugular vein

A

combines with the right brachiocephalic vein to feed into the inferior vena cava

24
Q

the right atrium is pierced by

A

the superior vena cava which carries de-oxy blood

25
Q

What do all of the coronary veins drain into

A

coronary sinus

26
Q

Coronary sinus drains into what chamber

A

the right atrium

27
Q

Why is the left ventricle thicker walled

A

higher forces needed to pump blood through the systemic circuit (around the body) compared to the pulmonary circuit.

28
Q

What are the internally irregular muscle columns called

A

trabeculae carneae cordis

29
Q

What forms the apex of the heart

A

the left ventricle

30
Q

tricuspid valve

A

separates the right atrium from the right ventricle

31
Q

when does the tricuspid valve open

A

opens due to high pressure in the atrium

32
Q

pulmonary valve

A

separates the right ventricle from pulmonary circulation

3 leaflets

33
Q

how many leaflets in the tricuspid valve

A

3 leaflets

34
Q

what anchors the tricuspid valve to the wall

A

chordae tendinae

35
Q

mitral valve

A

separates the left atrium from the left ventricle

36
Q

leaflets of mitral valve

A

2

37
Q

aortic valve

A

separates the left ventricle from systemic circulation

38
Q

chordae tendinae

A

chord-like tendons, connect the papillary muscles to the tri and bi cuspid valves
relaxed in atrial systole
tense in ventricular systole

39
Q

state of chordae tendinae when valves are open

A

relaxed

40
Q

what is the fossa ovalis

A

depression between right and left atrium. At newborns first breath, a fibrous sheath covers the foramen ovale creating the fossa ovals

41
Q

function of the foramen ovalis

A

used in utero to bypass pulmonary circulation

42
Q

name of foramen ovals when closed

A

fossa ovalis

43
Q

what is the ligamentum arteriosum

A

small ligament that is the remnant of the ductus arteriosus formed within three weeks after birth.
superior end, the ligamentum attaches to the aorta—at the final part of the aortic arch (the isthmus of aorta) or the first part of the descending aorta.

44
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

blood vessel in the developing fetus connecting the trunk of the pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta. It allows most of the blood from the right ventricle to bypass the fetus’s fluid-filled non-functioning lungs.

45
Q

name of ductus arteriosus when closed

A

ligamentum arteriosum

46
Q

location of the left coronary artery

A

runs down the left ventricle

47
Q

what does the left coronary artery split into

A

splits anteriorly into the anterior inter ventricular artery

splits posteriorly into the circumflex artery

48
Q

what does the right coronary artery split into

A

acute marginal arteries and the right posterior coronary artery

49
Q

function of the inter ventricular artery

A

supplies the anterolateral myocardium, apex and inter ventricular septum. Supplies 50% of the left ventricle so is a critical vessel

50
Q

function of the circumflex artery

A

supplies the posteriolateral left ventricle and also the SAN in 35% of people

51
Q

function of the marginal artery

A

supplies all of the surfaces of the right ventricle

52
Q

function of the posterior inter ventricular artery

A

supplies the posterior inter ventricular septum

53
Q

coronary sinus

A

collection of veins joined together to form a large vessel that collects blood from the heart muscle

54
Q

natural pacemaker of the heart

A

sino atrial node (SAN)

55
Q

Atrioventricular node

A

part of the electrical conduction system of the heart that coordinates the top of the heart. It electrically connects the atria and ventricles.

56
Q

what is the inter ventricular septum

A

wall separating ventricles form each other

contributes to the pumping action of the left ventricles as more posteriorly is thicker

57
Q

where does the pulmonary trunk split

A

T5-T6

anatomy (5 decks)

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