Week 5 - Implicit Stereotyping

Question 1

Distinction between knowledge of stereotype, and degree of personal endorsement of stereotype (belief) - Devine (1989)

Answer 1

• High vs Low prejudice = equal knowledge about content of stereotype
  –> culturally shared (social learning & media)
• High vs Low prejudice = differ in degree to which they personally agree with stereotype (belief)

Question 2

Stereotype Activation vs Stereotype Application - Devine (1989)

Answer 2

Stereotype activation
– Automatic
– No differences between low and high prejudiced people

Stereotype application
– Not (necessarily) automatic
–> Enough time and cognitive capacity → correction
– High prejudiced = apply stereotypes more
– Low prejudiced = apply stereotypes less

Question 3

Devine VS Lepore & Brown

Answer 3

Lepore and Brown distinguish between…
category activation (e.g., African-Americans) and stereotypical traits (e.g., lazy, athletic, etc.)

– Importantly: Devine did not make this distinction!

Question 4

High vs Low prejudice people - Lepore & Brown

Answer 4

• Highly prejudiced people:
  – Category activation → activation of negative stereotype
• Low prejudiced people:
  – Category activation → no stereotype activation, or activation of positive stereotype

Question 5

Different forms of prejudice - Dovidio & Gaertner, 1996

Answer 5

“Old fashioned” and “Modern” prejudice:
subtle vs. blatant prejudice, moderns racism, symbolic racism, aversive racism.

–> unconscious and implicit discrimination - even those who consciously are unprejudiced.

Question 6

Aversive Racism - Dovidio & Gaertner, 1996

Answer 6

• mild negative feelings (fear, discomfort) instead of hate and hostility
• unconscious processes (instead of conscious)
• in-group favoritism (instead of out-group derogation)
• external explanation

–>affirmative action is needed

Question 7

Aversive Racism and Affirmative Action - Dovidio & Gaertner, 1996

Answer 7

High status positions = discrimination
- highly qualified minority members = evaluated positively, but less than majority group members
- glass ceiling

Framing of affirmative action:
- explicit justification
- micro-justice (individual or smaller unit level) vs. macro-justice (larger unit level/area)