Week 2 - Inter-group Conflict

Question 1

A group is defined by…

Answer 1

mutual interdependence (larger groups / social categories)

Question 2

Intergroup Relations are determined by…. and seen positive/negative ….

Answer 2

by the functional
relations between groups:
- negative interdependence –> conflict
- Positive interdependence –> cooperation

Question 3

Social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979)

Answer 3

– Personal identity (“I”)
– Social identity (“We”)

Question 4

Social identity…

Answer 4

The part of the individual’s self-concept which derives from his
knowledge of his membership of a social group (or groups)
together with the emotional significance attached to that
membership

Question 5

Different components of social identity…

Answer 5

– Self-categorization (“I am a member of this group”)
– Esteem (“I’m happy to be a member of this group”)
– Commitment

Question 6

People strive for positive social identities (Scheepers & Ellemers, 2019)

Answer 6

• Positive intergroup distinctiveness
• Serves needs for meaning, self-esteem, certainty

Question 7

Social identity theory has two components:

Answer 7

• Basic psychological processes (e.g., categorization)
• Socio-structural component (“how do people deal with a negative social identity?”)

Question 8

Social Identity Theory 1: Basic Psychological Processes

Answer 8

– Minimal group paradigm (realistic conflict theory
cannot explain the results)
– Three processes
* Social categorization
* Social comparison
* Social identification

Question 9

Social Identity Theory 2: Identity management
– Ways to cope with a negative social identity
– When is a strategy used? → Socio-structural

Answer 9

– Ways to cope with a negative social identity
* Individual mobility
* Social creativity
* Collective action

– When is a strategy used? → Socio-structural characteristics
* Permeability (is individual mobility possible?)
* Stability
* Legitimacy

Unstable vs stable
* Unstable, illegitimate → collective action
* Stable, legitimate → social creativity

Question 10

Applications of Social Identity Theory
–> Health
–> Organizations
–> Intergroup relations

Answer 10

Health:
- effectiveness of health-related message
- a buffer against stress

Organizations:
- leadership
- diversity
- mergers

Intergroup relations:
- common inter-group identity model

Question 11

Cognitive Categorization Process (CCP)

Answer 11

• altering ccp should reduce bias
  –> one group (superordinate categorization, common in-group identity)
  –> separate individuals (de-categorization, personal identity)

Question 12

Hypotheses (Gaertner et al.)
“In-group favoritism is the “default” inter-group response”

Answer 12

• One-group (recategorization) –> response to former outgroup members become more positive
• Separate individuals (decategorization) –> responses to (former) in-group members become less positive