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Respiratory System > Week 5 - Chemical Control Of Breathing > Flashcards

Week 5 - Chemical Control Of Breathing Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the respiratory system?

A

Maintaining oxygen and CO2 partial pressure gradients to optimise transfer and regulate pH of extracellular fluid

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2
Q

What is hypercapnia?

A

Fall in pCO2

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3
Q

What is hypoxia?

A

Fall in pO2

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4
Q

How do we control pO2 and pCO2 in exercise?

A

pO2 drops and pCO2 rises

Breathing more will restore both their normal levels

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5
Q

What is hyperventilation?

A

Ventilation increase without change in metabolism

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6
Q

What is hypoventilation?

A

Ventilation decrease without a change in metabolism?

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7
Q

How will hyperventilation affect pO2 and pCO2 levels?

A

pO2 will rise

pCO2 will fall

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8
Q

How will hypoventilation affect pO2 and pCO2 levels?

A

pO2 will fall

pCO2 will rise

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9
Q

What will happen if pO2 increases without a change in pCO2?

A

Correction of pO2 will cause pCO2 to drop leading to hypocapnia

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10
Q

What is the major buffer system in the blood?

A

Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system

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11
Q

Why is the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system so effective?

A

Amount of dissolved CO2 is controlled by respiration
Bicarbonate concentration is regulated by kidneys
Bicarbonate is in equilibrium with CO2 so can be substituted for it

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12
Q

If bicarbonate remains unchanged and pCO2 increases what Happens to pH?

A

Falls - acidic

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13
Q

If bicarbonate remains unchanged and pCO2 decreases what happens to pH?

A

Rises - alkaline

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14
Q

What happens if pH falls below 7.0?

A

Enzymes become denatured

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15
Q

What happens if pH rises above 7.6?

A

Free calcium concentration drops leading to tetany

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16
Q

What is respiratory acidosis?

A

Fall in plasma pH due to increases in pCO2

17
Q

What is respiratory alkalosis?

A

Rise in plasma pH due to decrease in pCO2

18
Q

How is respiratory acidosis compensated?

A

Kidneys increasing bicarbonate

19
Q

How is respiratory alkalosis compensated?

A

Kidneys decreasing bicarbonate

20
Q

How long does it take for the kidney to compensate changes in pH?

A

2-3 days

21
Q

What is metabolic acidosis?

A

Tissues produce acid during metabolism which reacts with bicarbonate
This leads to a fall in bicarbonate concentration and a fall in pH

22
Q

How is metabolic acidosis compensated for?

A

Increasing ventilation lowers pCO2

23
Q

Give an example of when plasma bicarbonate may rise?

A

After vomiting

24
Q

How is metabolic alkalosis compensated for?

A

Decreased ventilatiom

25
Q

Is controlling pO2 more important than controlling pCO2?

A

No, don’t need precise control of pO2 as long as it stays above 8 kPa

Respiratory System (21 decks)

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